Disease relevance of Polymyositis

• Autoantibodies to histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) or to alanyl-, asparaginyl-, glycyl-, isoleucyl-, or threonyl-tRNA synthetase occur in approximately 25% of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis [1].
• The development of fatal myocarditis and polymyositis in mice heterozygous for IFN-gamma and lacking the SOCS-1 gene [2].
• Analysis of samples from individuals with Becker's dystrophy, Duchenne dystrophy, limb girdle dystrophy, polymyositis, myopathy related to vitamin E deficiency, type II fiber deficiency, and from an infant with indistinct fiber type differentiation, however, showed quantitative variations in the tropomyosin pattern [3].
• Asymmetrical muscle weakness with prominent wrist flexor, finger flexor, and knee extensor involvement was specific for inclusion body myositis and unresponsive polymyositis [4].
• IL-2 levels were also raised in patients with active multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and herpes simplex encephalitis, and some patients with polymyositis, invoking T cells in the pathogenesis of these diseases [5].

Psychiatry related information on Polymyositis

• Analyses of 19 sera samples from patients with polymyositis showed no antinuclear antibodies, excluding a 40% prevalence of the 16/6 Id [6].

High impact information on Polymyositis

• Immunologic studies in cimetidine-induced nephropathy and polymyositis [7].
• Hepatitis B antigen and polymyositis [8].
• This antibody was detected in the sera of 22 of 31 patients with polymyositis [9].
• Circulating autoantibody against human myoglobin in polymyositis [9].
• About 50% of patients with the polymyositis/scleroderma (PM-Scl) overlap syndrome are reported to have autoantibodies to a nuclear/nucleolar particle termed PM-Scl [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Polymyositis

• Cyclosporin for polymyositis [11].
• Cyclophosphamide in severe polymyositis [12].
• Polymyositis associated with simvastatin [13].
• Three patients with polymyositis had elevated serum levels of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme [14].
• Thirteen reports of patients who developed polymyositis or dermatomyositis during treatment with D-penicillamine are reviewed and a fourteenth case is described [15].

Biological context of Polymyositis

• We show here that anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies directed against histidyl-tRNA synthetase in the human autoimmune muscle disease polymyositis undergo, in addition to spectrotype broadening and class switching, the sine qua non of an immune response to the target antigen--affinity maturation to that antigen [16].
• Major histocompatibility complex genes in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, and polymyositis [17].
• Cell-mediated immunity to myoglobin in polymyositis [18].
• This antibody specificity was not detected in 30 patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 9 with thymoma alone, or 30 healthy controls [19].
• We describe a young woman who developed postpartum rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis and small vessel cerebrovascular disease [20].

Anatomical context of Polymyositis

• In polymyositis, the majority of extrafusal muscle fibers of most patients showed strong sarcolemmal class 1 MHCP expression [21].
• In contrast, viral RNA was found occasionally by in situ hybridization in muscle lesions of some patients with polymyositis, but was never found in central nervous system lesions of TSP/HAM patients [22].
• Clinical disease was observed in the singly inoculated monkey, which developed arthritis (with synovial fluid positive for HTLV-I by culture and polymerase chain reaction), anterior chamber uveitis, and steroid-responsive polymyositis confirmed by electrophysiologic studies [23].
• Abnormal transverse or T tubules spatially continuous with sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), as visualized with a lanthanum (La) tracer, were found in biopsy specimens from nine patients with polymyositis whose serum enzyme (creatine phosphokinase [CPK]) levels were elevated before the time of biopsy [24].
• Rheumatoid arthritis was present in 8 cases, polymyositis/dermatomyositis in 5, vasculitis syndromes in 5, systemic lupus erythematosus in 3, polymyalgia rheumatica in 2, and 1 each of undifferentiated connective tissue disease and Behcet disease [25].

Gene context of Polymyositis

• Elevated serum levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in polymyositis/dermatomyositis. A biologic marker of disease activity with a possible role in the lack of acute-phase protein response [26].
• CONCLUSION: Antibodies to LPL occurred in 47% of SLE patients and in a similar percentage of patients with polymyositis or systemic sclerosis [27].
• Thus, with the exception of IL-4 expression in polymyositis, a similar pattern of cytokine mRNA expression exists in the different types of IMs [28].
• METHODS: Eighty-four Japanese patients with myositis [22 with polymyositis (PM), 46 with dermatomyositis (DM), 16 with myositis overlapping with other collagen vascular diseases] were typed serologically for HLA-A, B, C antigens [29].
• OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to investigate immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9 in muscle specimens from patients with focal myositis (FM) vs polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Polymyositis

• We investigated 25 muscle biopsy specimens from patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and non-myopathic controls for ICOSL expression by immunohistochemistry [31].
• Radioimmunoassay of serum myoglobin in polymyositis and other conditions [32].
• METHODS: We used a state hospitalization registry to identify all patients with PCP and either rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener's granulomatosis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, polyarteritis nodosa, or scleroderma who had an emergent or urgent hospitalization in California from 1983 to 1994 [33].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sera from patients with polymyositis and sera found to contain anticytoplasmic antibodies were screened for antibody to PL-12 by testing for inhibition of ARS enzymatic activity by serum, and by immunoprecipitation [34].
• We found anti-histone antibodies in eight (17%) of 46 sera from patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [35].

References