Disease relevance of EAS 8A

• A person exposed to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) an epoxy resin widely used in industry, experienced respiratory failure, anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding [1].
• Lacrimal drainage systems (n = 51) obtained from human cadavers were investigated by clearing flat wholemounts or by serial sections of tissue embedded in paraffin, OCT compound, or epoxy resin [2].
• Allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin in ostomy bags [3].
• Late reactions to the patch-test preparations para-phenylenediamine and epoxy resin: a prospective multicentre investigation of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group [4].
• Occupational contact urticaria from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin [5].

High impact information on EAS 8A

• Populations of synchronously growing cells were embedded in epoxy resin at selected times during the cell cycle [6].
• These AFM-related techniques revealed no information concerning friction force and elasticity due to the presence of the embedding material (epoxy resin), but showed the myelinated nerve fibers with ring-like structures corresponding to the myelin sheaths [7].
• Tibial dyschondroplastic (TD) lesions and their associated growth plates, obtained from chickens, were prepared by freeze-drying and embedding in an anhydrous epoxy resin [8].
• Sections for electron microscopy were postfixed in 0.5% osmium tetroxide and embedded in high-viscosity epoxy resin [9].
• Twenty-seven workers with occupational exposure to hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) from an epoxy resin molding system were studied to evaluate the nature of their reported respiratory complaints [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of EAS 8A

• Human tissues from benign endocrine glands, neuroendocrine tumors, and non-neuroendocrine tumors were post-fixed in osmium, embedded in epoxy resin, and the sample thin sections immunolabeled using a protein A-gold technique [11].
• This is a descriptive study of six men who had been occupationally exposed to heated epoxy resin containing hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) who presented with rhinitis, nasal mucosal erosions, and significant epistaxis; three also had asthma [12].
• The indirect leucocyte migration inhibition test was applied to the contact sensitivity to a hapten (dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB) and a water-insoluble epoxy resin (Araldite) [13].
• A gas jointer developed dermatitis from epoxy resin of Bisphenol A type [14].
• It was concluded that methylenedianiline, which was used as the curing agent for the epoxy resin, was the likely hepatotoxin on the basis of marked similarities of these men's symptoms and signs to those described in other published reports about toxic exposure to this compound [15].

Biological context of EAS 8A

• The kinetics of curing of an epoxy resin by amine was studied using a near-infrared (NIR) multispectral imaging spectrometer [16].
• Thus, this study gave no indication that exposure to epoxy resin produces visible damage to the chromosomes [17].
• Cytogenetic effects of epoxy resin in man: dependence on sex, age and period of exposure [18].
• Taken together, the activation of COX-2 mRNA gene expression may be one of the pathogenesis of epoxy resin-based root canal sealers-induced periapical inflammation [19].
• The genotoxicity of 9 chemicals used as epoxy resin hardeners was examined in the DNA repair test with rat hepatocytes [20].

Anatomical context of EAS 8A

• METHODS: Ocular microvascular castings from 6 Wistar rats were prepared by injection of epoxy resin through the common carotid arteries [21].
• Seminal vesicles were cut into fragments, fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned at 1 micron, and transferred to glass slides [22].
• For comparative purposes, testes from ten men obtained at autopsy were fixed, embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned at 20 microm, and observed unstained by Nomarski optics [23].
• Factors that induce GSH synthesis may appear useful in preventing cell damage mediated by epoxy resin-based root canal sealers [19].
• The epoxy resin polymer was slightly cytotoxic to and inhibited the growth rate of fibroblasts (as assessed by total cell protein), and depleted GSH in both cell types [24].

Associations of EAS 8A with other chemical compounds

• We describe seven women with asthma induced by occupational exposure to an acid anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride (TCPA), an epoxy resin hardening agent [25].
• To demonstrate the practical analytical utility of the epoxy resin-based electrodes, chloride levels in various controls and biological specimens (e.g., human sera and whole blood) are determined with a flow-cell system [26].
• Medium temperature epoxy resin for immunocytochemistry: Quetol 651 with water [27].
• Potassium dichromate, and epoxy resin allergy occurred significantly, more frequently, in the occupational group whereas fragrance-mix allergy was significantly more frequent in the non-occupational group [28].
• The epoxy resin bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), its hydrolysis products and a chlorohydrin of BADGE (BADGE.2HCl), were examined for their genotoxicity in the micronucleus test (MNT) with human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, in presence and in absence of an exogenous metabolizing system S9 rat liver [29].

Gene context of EAS 8A

• Ultrastructural characteristics of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in epoxy resin-embedded human brain tumors [30].
• Conventional epoxy resin-embedded tissues of mixed GH- and PRL-secreting human pituitary adenomas were used for this double-labelling immunofluorescent study by CLSM [31].
• Taken together, the activation of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA gene expression may be one of the pathogenesis of zinc oxide-eugenol based and epoxy resin based root canal sealers-induced periapical inflammation [32].
• Prevention of the epoxy resin-based root canal sealers-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and cytotoxicity of human osteoblastic cells by various antioxidants [19].
• In addition, GSH depletion, but not the attack of oxygen free radicals, could be the mechanism for epoxy resin-based root canal sealers-induced cytotoxicity and COX-2 mRNA gene expression [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of EAS 8A

• Immunocytochemistry was performed on etched, epoxy resin-embedded sections, and the next thin section was compared by electron microscopy (thick/thin sections) [33].
• The fibers were embedded in epoxy resin and studied by electron microscopy [34].
• We used chemical force microscopy (CFM) to study adhesive forces between surfaces of epoxy resin and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) capable of hydrogen bonding to different extents [35].
• Lenses with anterior opacities were fixed, embedded in epoxy resin, and sectioned along the optic axis for light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [36].
• Plastic embedding of cutaneous specimens for light microscopy using araldite epoxy resin [37].

References