Disease relevance of Neutron Activation Analysis

• The bromine content of human gliomas and white matter was determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA) following p.o. administration of a single dose of 400-500 mg/m2 dibromodulcitol (DBD) [1].
• An investigation of the toxicity of gadolinium based MRI contrast agents using neutron activation analysis [2].
• The cohort consisted of 5577 women aged 55-70 years from the DOM project, a population based breast cancer screening program in the Netherlands. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was used to measure the selenium content of toenail clippings [3].
• Thirty canine urinary calculi, most of which had been qualitatively classified as struvite calculi, were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis at the University of Missouri Research Reactor [4].
• Hair samples of some young sickle cell anemia (SCA) and control patients in Nigeria were analyzed for 12 elements, viz, Se, Hg, Cr, Fe, Zn, Co, Cu, Br, As, Sb, Na, and Sc, using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) [5].

High impact information on Neutron Activation Analysis

• The iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) boundary was discovered in the pelagic limestone sequence at Gubbio on the basis of 12 samples analyzed by neutron activation analysis (NAA) and was interpreted as indicating impact of a large extraterrestrial object at exactly the time of the KT mass extinction [6].
• Classification of the cadmium workers by exposure categories based on either estimated cumulative cadmium exposure or liver cadmium measured by neutron activation analysis showed that abnormalities of lung function were greatest in those with the highest cumulative cadmium exposure or liver cadmium [7].
• Instrumental neutron activation analysis of brain aluminum in Alzheimer disease and aging [8].
• Several batches of bacteria were grown, and one sample of isolated and purified selenoazurin (azurin in which methionine was substituted by selenomethionine) was found (by neutron activation analysis) to contain 5.2 +/- 0.8 seleniums/copper [9].
• Up to 60 tissue samples were dissected from 13 human brains in defined regions and were analysed by means of neutron activation analysis for trace element concentration of cobalt, iron, rubidium, selesium, zinc, chromium, silver, cesium, antimony and scandium [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Neutron Activation Analysis

• The trace elements antimony, bromine, cesium, cobalt, iron, rubidium, scandium, strontium and zinc were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis in breast tissue samples with fibrocystic disease and in samples with fibroadenoma tumors [11].
• Kidney stone samples of the types calcium oxalate, uric acid, and xanthine were analyzed for their elemental contents by neutron activation analysis to study both the elemental correlation and influence of element on stone precipitation processes [12].
• Acridine orange and disubstituted chlorpromazine (CPZ) derivatives lowered Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding and membrane polarization in the simplest biological membrane (E. coli), as revealed by reactor neutron activation analysis [13].

Biological context of Neutron Activation Analysis

• Nine nadolol recipients with angina were followed for up to one year, and serial assessments were made of glomerular filtration rates and whole-body composition using in vivo neutron activation analysis to assess nitrogen, oxygen, sodium, potassium, chlorine, phosphorous, and calcium [14].
• Body composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) studied by neutron activation analysis [15].

Anatomical context of Neutron Activation Analysis

• Total body nitrogen was measured by means of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis; total body water was determined with tritium labeled water; total body potassium was measured by whole body counting [16].
• As for kidney cortex, kidney papilla and muscle tissue in 10 calcium oxalate stone patients and 10 stone-free patients, the concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg as well as some trace elements were determined quantitatively by means of neutron activation analysis [17].
• An accelerator based system for in vivo neutron activation analysis measurements of manganese in human hand bones [18].
• Rats were then euthanized by exsanguination and Mn concentrations in different tissues (liver, lung, testis, and kidney) and blood and brain (caudate putamen, globus pallidus, olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, and cerebellum) were determined by neutron activation analysis [19].
• A refined method for the measurement of protein-bound iodine (PBI) in blood serum was demonstrated by the use of epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) [20].

Associations of Neutron Activation Analysis with chemical compounds

• Biochemical indicators of renal dysfunction have been compared with liver and kidney cadmium levels measured by neutron activation analysis in a group of 37 cadmium smelters [21].
• Vanadium content of hair from manic patients, recovered patients, and normal controls was measured by neutron activation analysis [22].
• The serum concentrations of 24 trace elements were measured by neutron activation analysis in 32 patients on long-term lithium treatment and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls [23].
• Each compartment was measured by an independent method: tritiated water dilution, prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (for nitrogen), inelastic neutron scattering (for carbon) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (for calcium) [24].
• Glucose, insulin, and chromium levels were analyzed by oxidase, radioimmunoassay, and radiochemical neutron activation analysis methods, respectively [25].

Gene context of Neutron Activation Analysis

• DESIGN: We compared cross-sectional measurements of TBCl by in vivo neutron activation analysis, TBK by whole-body counting of (40)K, TBW by D(2)O dilution [TBW(D(2)O)], and TBW from TBCl and TBK [TBW(Cl + K)] in 19 prepubertal children (13 boys) aged 7.6-12.5 y who had mild symptoms of CF [26].
• Several techniques are now available for quantitation of bone mass, including total body calcium by neutron activation analysis (TBC), single and dual photon absorptiometry at the radius and spine, respectively (SPA and DPA), quantitative computed tomography of the spine (QCT), and cancellous bone volume from iliac crest bone biopsies [27].
• Elemental composition of platelets. Part II. Water content of normal human platelets and measurements of their concentrations of Cu, Fe, K, and Zn by neutron activation analysis [28].
• Total body protein (TBP) was measured by in vivo neutron activation analysis of nitrogen [29].
• The total body calcium mass of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was measured by whole-body neutron activation analysis [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Neutron Activation Analysis

• Total body sodium and chloride were measured by neutron activation analysis, and total body potassium was measured by whole body counting in ten male patients with endstage renal disease requiring chronic maintenance hemodialysis [31].
• Protein and fat stores, measured by neutron activation analysis and the tritiated water dilution technique, were compared with the same measurements made before operation and with predicted values [32].
• Lead and zinc were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and cadmium by neutron activation analysis [33].
• Fat change was estimated from measurements of skinfold thickness, by isotopic methods (neutron-activation analysis and dilution of tritiated water) and by daily analysis of expired gases [34].
• Using a neutron activation analysis facility adapted to provide an intensive care environment and tritiated water dilution we directly measured total body water, protein and fat before and after 10 days of IVN (mean daily non-protein energy and amino acid intakes 2,750 kcal and 127 gm) in eight adult intensive care patients [35].

References