Disease relevance of Pursuit, Smooth

• Ocular motor deficits in Parkinson's disease. II. Control of the saccadic and smooth pursuit systems [1].
• The six identified SCA8 patients were clinically characterized by high frequencies of incoordination of trunk and limbs, ataxic dysarthria, impaired smooth pursuit, and horizontal nystagmus, and the MRI showed significant atrophy of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres compared with that of normal controls [2].
• Changes in smooth pursuit eye tracking after diazepam were similar to those changes reported in the literature associated with olivopontocerebellar atrophy and were quite unlike the changes in smooth pursuit after opiates, as previously reported [3].

Psychiatry related information on Pursuit, Smooth

• Over half of lithium carbonate-treated affective disorder patients in remission also showed impairment of smooth-pursuit eye movements [4].
• The present study examined the effects of 40 hours of sleep deprivation on saccadic (SAC) and smooth pursuit (SP) performance, attentional/visual search performance (Letter Cancellation Task, LCT) and subjective sleepiness (Sleepiness Visual Analog Scale, SVAS) recorded immediately after awakening [5].
• The association between lithium carbonate and smooth pursuit eye tracking among first-episode patients with psychotic affective disorders [6].
• Eye movement tests included fixation and a smooth pursuit task and neuropsychological tests which comprised the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, the Stroop Test A and B, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) [7].
• Effects of 6 and 12 mg bromazepam on reaction time, stimulus sensitivity and response bias in a 1-hour visual attention task, on smooth pursuit eye movements, and on performance in the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were investigated in 12 healthy male volunteers [8].

High impact information on Pursuit, Smooth

• In SCA3, gaze-evoked nystagmus was often present as was saccade hypometria and smooth pursuit gain was markedly decreased [9].
• No major improvement in smooth pursuit gain could be attributed to drug treatment, based on a comparison of patient results before and after administration of levodopa [10].
• Peak velocity gain of smooth pursuit and performance on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test did not differ significantly between the two groups [11].
• We conclude that V5 is directly related to the maintenance of an optimal smooth pursuit velocity during visual feedback, whereas the FEF, PFC, angular gyrus and PIVC are involved in reconstitution and prediction whenever SPV decreases, especially during maintenance of smooth pursuit in the absence of a visual target [12].
• Patients with FA showed a characteristic combination of frequent saccadic intrusions, especially ocular flutter, relatively preserved optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and smooth pursuit, and impaired vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pursuit, Smooth

• Analyses of covariance indicated that both cocaine dependence and antisocial personality, but not opiate dependence, were associated with a significant reduction in gain of smooth pursuit eye movement [14].
• Optokinetic nystagmus was induced by a cloth drum completely surrounding the subject and moving at a constant velocity of 30 degrees/s. Alcohol (0.05 and 0.1%) alone produced significant (p less than 0.05) impairment of saccade maximum velocity and reaction time, smooth pursuit velocity, and optokinetic slow-component velocity [15].

Biological context of Pursuit, Smooth

• RESULTS: The Pro385Ser genotype was associated with less diazepam-induced impairment of saccadic velocity but not with smooth pursuit gain [16].
• METHOD: P50 event-related potential inhibition, antisaccade, and smooth pursuit eye tracking paradigms were measured [17].
• Dissociation of smooth pursuit and vestibulo-ocular reflex cancellation in SCA-6 [18].
• Patients with retinotopic deficits and normal visual fields, and those with directional deficits, had impairment of smooth pursuit similar to that caused by unilateral lesions of cortical areas MT (middle temporal) and MST (medial superior temporal) in monkeys [19].
• The comparative effect of injections of muscimol into the flocculus region on smooth pursuit eye and head movements was studied in two monkeys [20].

Anatomical context of Pursuit, Smooth

• CONCLUSIONS: Neurodegeneration may not only affect the cranial nerve nuclei (i.e., oculomotor and abducens nuclei) of SCA-1, SCA-2 and SCA-3 patients integrated into the circuits, subserving accuracy of horizontal saccades and the generation of horizontal smooth pursuits, but likewise involves the premotor networks of these circuits [21].

Associations of Pursuit, Smooth with chemical compounds

• The authors examined the effects of ketamine on leading saccadic eye movements, a specific component of the smooth-pursuit response shown to be abnormal in schizophrenia patients and their relatives [22].
• Effects of nicotine on hippocampal and cingulate activity during smooth pursuit eye movement in schizophrenia [23].
• The effects of single oral doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg temazepam were evaluated with the adaptive tracking test, analysis of smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye movements, and visual analog lines in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover experiment with 12 healthy volunteers [24].
• PURPOSE: The influence of genetic factors on characteristics of smooth pursuit were evaluated in young adult monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins before and after the administration of a single dose of ethanol [25].
• The improved smooth pursuit performance after MK-212 was not related to side-effects [26].

Gene context of Pursuit, Smooth

• This may explain why the SCA-1, SCA-2, and SCA-3 patients in this study with a heavily damaged reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons developed dysmetric horizontal saccades and impaired smooth pursuits during the course of the disease [21].
• Here we report an association between the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the DRD3 gene and the intensity of eye movement disturbances (fixation and smooth pursuit) observed in 119 schizophrenic patients and in 94 unrelated healthy control subjects [27].
• Schizophrenic children exhibited significantly greater smooth pursuit impairments than either normal or ADHD subjects [28].
• Here we report an association between the BAN I polymorphism of the cytosolic PLA2 gene (single nucleotide polymorphism in the first intron of the gene) and the intensity of eye movement disturbances (fixation and smooth pursuit) observed in 126 schizophrenic patients [29].
• Smooth pursuit gain and the error rate in the antisaccade paradigm were significantly correlated in the schizophrenia patients and the parents, whereas P50 inhibition showed no correlation with smooth pursuit gain or antisaccade paradigm measurements [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pursuit, Smooth

• In a placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we measured the effects of low dose lorazepam on attentional and motor factors involved in saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements [30].

References