Disease relevance of Carotid Artery, External

• Eight of 24 patients (33%) were unable to receive a second planned dose of IA cisplatin because of general anxiety (n = 5), nausea and/or emesis (n = 2), or asymptomatic occlusion of an external carotid artery (n = 1) [1].
• Angiograms obtained for Patient 1 demonstrated complete ICA occlusion in association with severe external carotid artery stenosis, whereas preoperative single-photon emission computed tomographic scans revealed a lack of cerebrovascular reserve in response to acetazolamide challenge [2].
• We report here a 9-year-old girl with fibromuscular dysplasia of many muscular arteries including both renal and internal carotid arteries, the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and one external carotid artery [3].
• For the treatment of dural arteriovenous malformations, conjugated estrogens were infused continuously through a cannula inserted into the external carotid artery [4].

High impact information on Carotid Artery, External

• A regional advantage for IA cisplatin and FUDR can be calculated based on total body clearance rates (CLTB) for these agents and estimates of external carotid artery (ECA) blood flow [5].
• To evaluate drug-dependent flow changes in the external carotid artery territory, acetazolamide was administered in 7 patients with unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery without evidence of collateralization through the ophthalmic artery (age, 67+/-12 years) [6].
• METHODS: Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with halothane and subjected to 90 minutes of temporary MCAo by retrograde insertion of an intraluminal nylon suture, coated with poly-L-lysine, through the external carotid artery into the internal carotid artery and MCA [7].
• Under varying conditions of MABP and arterial blood gases, grey-level images of the exposed cortex irradiated with ultraviolet light (340 or 370 nm) were digitised (8 bits) at 15-s intervals after the injection of 1-2 ml of saturated umbelliferone solution into the lingual or external carotid artery of anaesthetised cats and rabbits [8].
• We infused BUdR +/- 5-FU over 8 1/2 weeks, before and during 59.4-Gy focal conformal external beam radiation therapy, through a permanently implanted pump with a catheter placed retrograde through the external carotid artery to the carotid bifurcation [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Carotid Artery, External

• Nine patients with dural arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the region of the cavernous sinus were treated by means of external carotid artery (ECA) embolization using polyvinyl alcohol [10].

Biological context of Carotid Artery, External

• The time-activity curves, obtained from regions of interest and selected on the sequential radioisotope images, show that an increased ICP wave, occurring during the REM period, is related to a simultaneous increase in the blood volume, limited to the cerebral sector and not to the area of the external carotid artery [11].
• To obtain regional capillary permeability area products of glucose and regional perfusion fluid flow rates, the perfusion fluid was dually labeled with 2-deoxy[14C]glucose and [3H]diazepam, and the brain was perfused at a constant rate via the external carotid artery [12].
• Heart rate was reduced significantly by metoprolol, and in the external carotid artery, metoprolol significantly reduced both peak and mean frequency [13].

Anatomical context of Carotid Artery, External

• In bilaterally vagotomized, decerebrate or pentobarbitone anaesthetized cats, intense carotid body discharge (FET O2 ca. 0.075) was abruptly removed by injections centrally of 100% O2-equilibrated Ringer into both external carotid arteries [14].
• The blood-brain barrier was then disrupted by the intra-arterial injection of hyperosmotic mannitol, and the Gd-labeled antibodies were injected through a catheter placed at the branch of the internal and external carotid arteries [15].
• Blood from the external carotid artery and from the external jugular vein were collected simultaneously, and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were measured in order to determine the temporal pattern of the large episodic pulses of LH secretion which are characteristic of ovariectomized sheep [16].
• Mechanisms underlying the relaxant response to histamine were compared in isolated dog retinal arteries (branch of internal and external carotid arteries), middle cerebral arteries (branch of internal carotid artery) and superficial temporal arteries (branch of external carotid artery) [17].
• Fifty-nine patients with malignant tumours on the head and neck area, were treated with continuous intra-arterial infusion of methotrexate into the external carotid artery from a catheter introduced through the superficial temporal artery [18].

Associations of Carotid Artery, External with chemical compounds

• In the rabbit ear and external carotid arteries 5-HT may act directly on alpha-adrenoceptors [19].
• Arabinose (1.5 M) was infused via the right external carotid artery over 30 s, resulting in opening of the barrier within the right hemisphere [20].
• Calpain inhibitor 2, administered 10 min after injury via continuous arterial infusion into the right external carotid artery for 24 h, significantly reduced neurofilament 200 losses to 17% and 3% relative to naive neurofilament 200 protein levels in the ipsilateral and contralateral cortices, respectively [21].
• Coronal and sagittal images of a volunteer are presented showing the vertebral and common, internal and external carotid arteries in projection views [22].
• The cavernous dural AVM's were treated with polyvinyl-alcohol and/or isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (IBCA) embolization of the external carotid artery blood supply [23].

Gene context of Carotid Artery, External

• First, CGRP fibers appeared in the wall of the carotid arch and external carotid arteries, and in a thin septum between these two arteries at an early stage of larval development (stage III) [24].
• Our findings demonstrate the importance of the external carotid artery in giving rise to the vasa vasorum that supply the areas of atherosclerotic plaque [25].
• Involvement of the external carotid arteries in moyamoya disease: neuroradiological evaluation of 66 patients [26].
• Hamster cheek pouch tumors were perfused with HSV-LacZ or HSV-IL-2, by microcannulating the external carotid artery, and gene transfer determined [27].
• Three factors were not among the most predictive factors of epilepsy but were significantly associated with the onset of seizures: AVM feeding by the external carotid artery, a temporal cortical location, and a parietal cortical location [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Carotid Artery, External

• Local anesthesia, selective catheterization of the external carotid artery, and radiopaque polyvinyl alcohol and Gelfoam as embolic agents were used [29].
• EEG changes were not observed after external carotid artery injection of any solution, with the exception of two of the seven animals injected with iotrolan [30].
• Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was continuously administered to Wistar rats intracarotidly via the external carotid artery and local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was measured by a quantitative autoradiography using [14C]iodoantipyrine [31].
• Intra-arterial infusions of capsaicin at doses of 20-100 pmol/min into the external carotid artery resulted in a dose-dependent increase in nasal blood flow as assessed by laser-Doppler flowmetry [32].

References