Disease relevance of Rhadinovirus

• Killed herpesvirus cancer vaccines were prepared by inactivation of oncogenic herpesviruses (Herpesvirus saimiri and Herpesvirus ateles) with heat and formaldehyde [1].
• Molluscum contagiosum virus proteins MC159 and MC160 and the equine herpesvirus 2 protein E8 share substantial homology to the death effector domain present in the adaptor molecule Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and the initiating death protease FADD-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (FLICE) (caspase-8) [2].
• Since Rta/Orf50 is conserved among all known gamma-2-herpesviruses, we investigated whether the murine gamma-68-herpesvirus (MHV-68) and rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) homologs can functionally substitute for KSHV Rta/Orf50 [3].
• Using serological screening and degenerate consensus primer PCR for the viral DNA polymerase gene, we have detected sequences from two distinct gamma-2 herpesviruses, termed Chlorocebus rhadinovirus 1 (ChRV1) and ChRV2, in African green monkeys [4].
• The putative thymidylate synthase (TS) gene of herpesvirus ateles, a T-lymphotropic tumor virus of New World primates, has a single large open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 32.9 kilodaltons [5].

High impact information on Rhadinovirus

• Bcl10 is a cellular homolog of the equine herpesvirus-2 E10 gene: both contain an amino-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) homologous to that found in several apoptotic molecules [6].
• A killed herpesvirus vaccine was prepared by inactivation of the oncogenic Herpesvirus ateles (HVA) with heat and formaldehyde [7].
• To investigate the putative existence of a new RV2 Rhadinovirus in chimpanzees and gorillas we have used the degenerate consensus primer PCR strategy for the Herpesviral DNA polymerase gene on 40 wild-caught animals [8].
• Equine herpesvirus-2 E10 gene product, but not its cellular homologue, activates NF-kappaB transcription factor and c-Jun N-terminal kinase [9].
• Rhesus rhadinovirus R15 encodes a functional homologue of human CD200 [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Rhadinovirus

• Herpesvirus ateles gene product Tio interacts with nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases [11].
• Two different, inactivated, aluminium salt adsorbed vaccines, one containing a R. equi strain (serotype 1, 10(9) CFU/ml and equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) (1.5 x 10(7) PFU/ml) and another containing R. equi only were used on three studfarms to determine whether the disease can be prevented by vaccination of both pregnant mares and their foals [12].
• Interaction of Herpesvirus ateles and Hepesvirus saimiri with primate lymphocytes. I. Selective adsorption of virus by lymphoid cells [13].
• We found a relative deficiency of CpG dinucleotides and a surplus of TpG + CpA dinucleotides in all lymphotropic gammaherpesvirus genomes except for two strains of rhesus rhadinovirus [14].

Biological context of Rhadinovirus

• The equine herpesvirus 2 E1 open reading frame encodes a functional chemokine receptor [15].
• Regulation of orf73 (LANA) gene expression is critical to the establishment and maintenance of latency following infection by members of the gamma-2 herpesvirus (rhadinovirus) family [16].
• We inserted the tio sequence of herpesvirus ateles strain 73 into a recombinant herpesvirus saimiri C488 lacking its own stpC/tip oncogene [17].
• Similar to other rhadinoviruses, the genome of Herpesvirus saimiri harbours a series of virus genes with pronounced homology to cellular counterparts including a D-type cyclin, a G-protein-coupled receptor, an interleukin-17, a superantigen homologue, and several inhibitors of the complement cascade and of different apoptosis pathways [18].
• The EHV5 gB amino acid sequence showed greatest homology with other members of the Rhadinovirus genus of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae [19].

Anatomical context of Rhadinovirus

• Activation of lymphocyte signaling by the R1 protein of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus [20].
• Conditioned media from cultures of marmoset monkey T-lymphoid cell lines transformed by Herpesvirus saimiri or Herpesvirus ateles were found to contain interferon (IFN) activity [21].

Gene context of Rhadinovirus

• Herpesviral ORF57 (Rhadinovirus) and ICP27 (Simplexvirus) proteins both interact with hnRNP K and CK2 implying that adaptation of the ancestral hnRNP K and CK2 to associate with viral regulatory ancestor protein likely pre-dates divergence of these Herpesviridae genera that occurred 200 million years ago [22].
• Thymidylate synthase gene of herpesvirus ateles [5].
• However, overexpression of NF-kappaB in these cells inhibits the replication of the gammaherpesvirus murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV68) [23].
• Characterization of glycoprotein B of the gammaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus-2 [24].
• In addition, specificity for LCV infection and exclusion of potential cross-reactivity to the rhesus rhadinovirus sVCA homologue could be demonstrated using sera from experimentally infected animals [25].

References