Disease relevance of Senecio

• Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to pyrrolizidine (Senecio) poisoning in Arizona [1].
• Pyrrolizidine (Senecio) intoxication mimicking Reye syndrome [2].
• The mutagenicity of a series of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and of extracts from several Italian Senecio species containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids, including S. inaequidens, S. fuchsii and S. cacaliaster, were tested using the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome system [3].
• The effect of prolonged phenobarbital (PB) administration on the toxicity of Senecio jacobaea (SJ) was studied in sheep [4].
• Rats fed tansy ragwort at dietary levels of 1%, 0.1%, 0.01% and 0.001% (corresponding to PA intakes of 39.77, 5.04, 0.52, and 0.05 mg/rat) showed swollen hepatocytes, megalocytosis, biliary hyperplasia, and fibrosis [5].

High impact information on Senecio

• Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: their occurrence in honey from tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) [6].
• Here, we show that for one of the best-known two-species systems (ragwort and cinnabar moth), this finding does not hold [7].
• The HSS gene from Senecio vernalis was cloned and shown to be derived from the deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) gene, which is highly conserved among all eukaryotes and archaebacteria [8].
• With the aid of degenerate primers against these peptides, a cDNA encoding homospermidine synthase was now cloned and characterized from Senecio vulgaris [9].
• S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC, EC 4.1.1.50) and spermidine synthase (SPDS, EC 2.5.1.16) from root cultures of Senecio vulgaris were partially purified and characterized [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Senecio

• The additives did not alter tansy ragwort toxicity substantially, as assessed by liver histologic changes, sulfobromophthalein clearance rate, and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity [11].
• Effects of microsomal enzyme induction by phenobarbital (PB) injection (ip) and ingestion of Eucalyptus globulus foliage or phenothiazine (PT) on the toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) or dried plant material of Senecio longilobus (SL) and Senecio jacobaea (SJ) were evaluated in rats [12].

Biological context of Senecio

• Genetic variation was assessed in Senecio leucanthemifolius var. casablancae (Compositae), a Moroccan Atlantic coast endemic, in order to examine possible causes of atypical leaf morphology in three populations south of the known range [13].
• Hydrolysis rates of pyrrolizidine alkaloids derived from Senecio jacobaea [14].
• In choice experiments with artificial leaves, we tested related pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) for their stimulatory effects on the oviposition of the cinnabar moth, a specialist on the PA-containing plant Senecio jacobaea [15].
• Dietary pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloids and tissue distribution of copper and vitamin A in broiler chickens [16].
• Effects of microsomal enzyme induction on the toxicity of pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloids [12].

Anatomical context of Senecio

• In-vitro antiproliferative effects on human tumour cell lines of extracts and jacaranone from Senecio leucanthemifolius Poiret [17].
• The chronic hepatotoxic effects of mixed pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from the poisonous plant tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and the ability of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and cysteine to alter these hepatic effects were studied in male rats [18].
• The effect of dietary selenium status on the metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (monocrotaline, and mixed pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Senecio jacobaea) by rat liver microsomes in vitro was studied [19].
• In vitro effects on proliferation, telomerase activity and apoptosis of an eremophilanoid sesquiterpene from Senecio oldhamianus maxim in cultured human tumor cell lines [20].

Associations of Senecio with chemical compounds

• Cell-specific expression of homospermidine synthase, the entry enzyme of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid pathway in Senecio vernalis, in comparison with its ancestor, deoxyhypusine synthase [21].
• The ability of ovine ruminal fluid to metabolize pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) from Senecio jacobaea under anaerobic conditions was evaluated [22].
• Biosynthesis of spermidine, a direct precursor of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in root cultures of Senecio vulgaris L [10].
• We have studied the cytotoxic activity of extracts and jacaranone from Senecio leucanthemifolius Poiret [17].
• Synthesis of [3,5-14C]trachelanthamidine and [5-3H]isoretronecanol and their incorporation into the retronecine moiety of riddelliine in Senecio riddellii [23].

Gene context of Senecio

• We studied the PA composition of 24 out of 26 species of Senecio section Jacobaea using GC-MS [24].
• Subcellular distribution of hepatic copper, zinc and iron and serum ceruloplasmin in rats intoxicated by oral pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloids [25].
• Tansy ragwort and bracken increased (P less than 0.05) the activity of glutathione transferase and epoxide hydrolase [26].
• The combined effect of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and extracts of six patients belonging to Crotalaria and Senecio genera was assessed on experimental transplantable S180 (both ascitic and solid forms) tumour [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Senecio

• Comparison of capillary gas chromatography with 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the quantitation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio vernalis [28].

References