Disease relevance of Essential Tremor

• Here we report that gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABA(A)) receptor alpha1-/- mice exhibit postural and kinetic tremor and motor incoordination that is characteristic of essential tremor disease [1].
• The relationship of essential tremor to other movement disorders: report on 678 patients. Essential Tremor Study Group [2].
• Antagonists of adenosine, such as theophylline, have been reported to improve the tremor in cases of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, and the development of better and more selective A2a receptor antagonists may prove of value in these disabling disorders [3].
• Diagnoses in question included essential tremor, psychogenic parkinsonism, drug-induced parkinsonism, primary dystonia, and unspecified gait disorder [4].
• In limited trials bopindolol has also successfully reduced symptoms in patients with angina pectoris, anxiety and essential tremor [5].

Psychiatry related information on Essential Tremor

• The authors also studied 46 essential tremor (ET) and 55 Huntington's disease (HD) patients [6].
• The diagnoses were Parkinson's disease (92), essential tremor (16), vascular parkinsonism (15), various Parkinson plus syndromes (P+) (12), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (5), dystonia (5), drug induced movement disorder (12), and other diagnoses (8) [7].

High impact information on Essential Tremor

• Metoprolol for essential tremor [8].
• Metoprolol tartrate for essential tremor [9].
• Letter: Shuddering attacks in children: essential tremor and monosodium glutamate [10].
• It did not simultaneously affect the underlying essential tremor, whereas long-term oral propranolol therapy did diminish the amplitude of the essential tremor in each patient [11].
• Intra-arterial isoproterenol increased tremor amplitude selectively in that arm in normal subjects and in patients with essential tremor (range, 1.85 to 3.50 with mean 2.74 times the base-line level) [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Essential Tremor

• Trazodone in essential tremor [12].
• Aminophylline and essential tremor [13].
• Specificity of ethanol in essential tremor [14].
• Amantadine in essential tremor [15].
• Tremor arrest with thalamic microinjections of muscimol in patients with essential tremor [16].

Biological context of Essential Tremor

• Adrenergic beta-receptor sensitivity of six male patients with essential tremor and six age-matched normal controls was assessed by measuring the response in the heart rate and postural tremor to incremental injections of the adrenergic beta-agonist isoprenaline [17].
• Haplotype analysis of the ETM2 locus in familial essential tremor [18].
• Reciprocal inhibition of the H-reflex in the forearm flexor muscles was studied in 11 patients with essential tremor and in 10 normal controls [19].
• P300 component of visual event-related potentials distinguishes patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease from patients with essential tremor [20].
• CONCLUSION: Familial essential tremor is a common hereditary movement disorder demonstrating phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity [21].

Anatomical context of Essential Tremor

• To reduce tremor or rigidity, the electrodes were implanted at the thalamic nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM: three Parkinson's disease and one essential tremor) or the globus pallidus internus (GPi: two Parkinson's disease) [22].
• Theophylline concentrations in serum, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with essential tremor [23].
• Our objective was to investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the VIM nucleus of the thalamus in essential tremor [24].
• We present a study of 7 cases of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, associated with a dyskinesia clinically identical with essential tremor, in which motor conduction velocity in the upper limbs was normal or slightly diminished [25].
• All three patients presented with a slowly progressive anterior horn impairment, involvement of sensory nerves and posterior columns, but intact central descending motor pathways and an essential tremor responding to propranolol treatment [26].

Gene context of Essential Tremor

• Frequent sequence variation at the ETM2 locus and its association with sporadic essential tremor in Korea [27].
• Extended study of A265G variant of HS1BP3 in essential tremor and Parkinson disease [28].
• This raises the possibility that some patients presenting with essential tremor (ET) may harbor expanded FMR1 alleles [29].
• We describe a 24-year-old Japanese woman with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) whose only early symptom was postural tremor in the right hand at around 18 years of age, leading to a diagnosis of essential tremor at age 21 [30].
• These findings provide no support for the concept that central or peripheral beta 1-adrenoreceptor mechanisms are important in essential tremor [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Essential Tremor

• In a double-blind study with Latin square design, phenobarbital (about 1.3 mg per kilogram), propranolol (about 1.7 mg per kilogram), and placebo were given orally for 1 month to 12 patients with essential tremor [32].
• Progabide, a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist, was given to ten patients with essential tremor in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study [33].
• Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a viable treatment alternative for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), dystonia, and cerebellar outflow tremors [34].
• In order to elucidate the mode of action of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in essential tremor, the efficacy of chronic oral administration of metoprolol, atenolol and sotalol was compared in a randomised, double-blind placebo controlled trial in twenty-four patients [31].
• Though controlled epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the possibility that cinnarizine is increasingly prescribed in the general population with advancing age, our data suggests that aging plus a background of genetically determined essential tremor represented critical risk factors for development of this drug side effect [35].

References