High impact information on Midline Thalamic Nuclei

• After acute restraint, the posterior division of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (pPVTh) exhibits increased numbers of Fos-expressing neurons in chronically cold-stressed rats compared with stress-naive controls [1].
• Loss of alpha7- and beta2- (but not alpha4-) immunoreactive neurons occurred in the paraventricular nucleus (PV) and nucleus reuniens in autism [2].
• In the brain, MAO-A was highest in locus coeruleus and interpeduncular nucleus, and MAO-B in raphe nuclei, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, and ependyma of ventricles [3].
• The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) receives one of the most dense innervations by hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) neurons, which play important roles in sleep-wakefulness, attention, and autonomic function [4].
• In addition, Disc1 mRNA was seen in regions of the developing mouse brain which do not express Disc1 during adulthood, regions including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, reticular thalamic nucleus and reuniens thalamic nucleus [5].

Biological context of Midline Thalamic Nuclei

• Systemic subchronic oxytocin treatment significantly and substantially increased the B(max) values of the alpha 2 agonist [(3)H]UK14.304 binding sites in the hypothalamus, the amygdala and the paraventricular thalamic nucleus of the rat as shown by quantitative receptor autoradiography [6].

Anatomical context of Midline Thalamic Nuclei

• Paired rats also showed increased FRA expression within the orbital prefrontal cortex, the claustrum, the caudal amygdala (basolateral and central regions), the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, the subiculum of the hippocampus, and the lateral habenula relative to the Control group [7].
• Infusion of quinolinic acid into the MD using a glass micropipette produced well-defined neuronal loss restricted to medial and lateral portions of the MD, sparing adjacent areas such as the lateral habenula and paraventricular thalamic nucleus [8].
• The paraventricular thalamic nucleus sends most of its fibres to medial parts of the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle, whereas smaller contingents of fibres terminate in the lateral part of the nucleus accumbens and the most ventral, medial, and caudal parts of the caudate-putamen complex [9].
• Besides, the fasciculus retroflexus deviates close to the subcommissural organ, while the paraventricular thalamic nucleus shows histological disorganization [10].
• There were significant increases in Fos in all three of the anterior thalamic nuclei (anterodorsal, anteroventral and anteromedial) as well as the adjacent nucleus reuniens and rostral reticular thalamic nucleus, in both the eight-arm versus one-arm condition (Experiment 1) and the novel room versus familiar room condition (Experiment 2) [11].

Associations of Midline Thalamic Nuclei with chemical compounds

• Other midline diencephalic structures were found to have high densities of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity, including the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and a discrete subregion of nucleus reuniens, the magnocellular subfascicular nucleus [12].
• Repeated injection of 25 nmol/0.5 microliters NMDA (experimental group) into the massa intermedia (MI), particularly into the reuniens nucleus, caused tonic and/or clonic generalized convulsion associated with temporal limbic EEG seizure discharge [13].
• Serotonin and most of the peptides were found throughout paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV) and in other midline and intralaminar nuclei (type 1 pattern) [14].
• In the nucleus reuniens, the distribution of 5-HT-, TH-, substance P-, and menkephalin-immunolabelling resembles that seen in the torus semicircularis, but at a lower density [15].
• For example, E, P and E + P all significantly increased 3H muscimol binding in medial preoptic area, ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei, and vertical diagonal bandmedial septal nucleus, whereas P treatment increased binding in the caudate-putamen and decreased it in reuniens nucleus of the thalamus [16].

Gene context of Midline Thalamic Nuclei

• Additional CR immunostaining of the subcortical region unveiled retrogradely labeled neurons that were also immunostained for CR only in the supramammillary area and the nucleus reuniens [17].
• CMS dramatically produced a decrease in NPY expression in several diencephalic regions including the parvocellular subregion of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PE), the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV) and the arcuate nucleus (ACN) [18].
• In contrast, mGluR5 mRNA was more uniformly distributed at weak to moderate levels, except in the reuniens nucleus where a strong signal was detected [19].
• Fibers projecting from SCN neurons that are immunoreactive for AVP and VIP exhibit a characteristic morphology, and project to the lateral septum, a series of medial hypothalamic areas extending from the preoptic to the posterior hypothalamic area and to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus [20].
• This increase was not due to methodological factors, since no changes in NR1 labeling density were found in a nearby nucleus, the nucleus reuniens [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Midline Thalamic Nuclei

• Effects of electrical stimulation of various midline thalamic nuclei on the bilateral release of dopamine from dendrites and nerve terminals of neurons in the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathways [22].

References