Disease relevance of Corpus Callosum

• The K-Cl cotransporter KCC3 is mutant in a severe peripheral neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum [1].
• Mental retardation, hydrocephalus, and agenesis of the corpus callosum are observed both in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and in children with mutations in the gene for the cell adhesion molecule L1 [2].
• These results allow further delineation of the spectrum of malformations ascribed to SMADIP1 haploinsufficiency, which includes frequent features such as hypospadias and agenesis of the corpus callosum [3].
• For instance, cranial and spinal nerve transection, ischemia, corpus callosum transection, and colchicine treatment increased DINE mRNA expression in the injured neurons, whereas kainate-induced hyperexcitation, immobilization, and osmotic stress failed to up-regulate DINE mRNA [4].
• Rare surviving homozygous Nfia(-/-) mice lack a corpus callosum, show severe communicating hydrocephalus, a full-axial tremor indicative of neurological defects, male-sterility, low female fertility, but near normal life spans [5].

Psychiatry related information on Corpus Callosum

• Peripheral neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACCPN) is a severe sensorimotor neuropathy associated with mental retardation, dysmorphic features and complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum [1].
• Interhemispheric somatosensory transfer was studied by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological tests in a patient who underwent resection of the corpus callosum (CC) for drug-resistant epilepsy in two stages [6].
• Corpus callosum morphology in children with Tourette syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [7].
• The relation of planum temporale asymmetry and morphology of the corpus callosum to handedness, gender, and dyslexia: a review of the evidence [8].
• Speech perception and auditory P300 potentials after section of the posterior half of the truncus of the corpus callosum [9].

High impact information on Corpus Callosum

• Developing axons of the corpus callosum of mice are guided across the cerebral midline by a slinglike glial structure that forms transiently between the hemispheres [10].
• Patients in PVS revealed a significantly higher frequency of corpus callosum, corona radiata, and dorsolateral brainstem injuries than did patients who recovered [11].
• Surprisingly, many of the axon guidance defects present in the L1 knockout mice, such as abnormal corticospinal tract and corpus callosum, were not observed [12].
• We show that the GFAP network is disrupted in astrocytes that normally coexpress vimentin and GFAP, e.g., those of the corpus callosum or the Bergmann glia of cerebellum [13].
• While mice deficient in Nuk exhibit defects in pathfinding of anterior commissure axons, sek4 mutants have defects in corpus callosum formation [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Corpus Callosum

• Demyelination was observed within the corpus callosum in both wild-type and IGF-1 tg mice 3 weeks after exposure to cuprizone [15].
• Using formalin-fixed brains of eight multiple sclerosis patients and eight age-matched controls, we examined the relationship between demyelinating lesion load in three volumes of the cerebral white matter and the loss of axons in NAWM of the corresponding three projection regions (anterior, middle, posterior) in the corpus callosum (CC) [16].
• Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, nonketotic hyperglycinemia, and maternal phenylketonuria preferentially cause a dysgenetic corpus callosum [17].
• The threshold of serum osmolality causing release of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) was shifted to an abnormally low level (262 mosmol/kg H2O) in a 14-year-old girl with hypertension and signs of hypoplastic corpus callosum [18].
• Atrophy of the corpus callosum associated with a decrease in cortical benzodiazepine receptor in large cerebral arterial occlusive diseases [19].

Biological context of Corpus Callosum

• These results are the first to provide in vivo evidence of significant roles for PPARbeta in development, myelination of the corpus callosum, lipid metabolism, and epidermal cell proliferation [20].
• Mutations in the L1CAM gene produce a phenotype characterised by X linked hydrocephalus, mental retardation, spastic paraplegia, adducted thumbs, and agenesis of the corpus callosum [21].
• Mutation of the Emx-1 homeobox gene disrupts the corpus callosum [22].
• These findings suggest that signal transduction through CREB phosphorylation may be closely associated with survival of OLGs and maintenance of myelination in the corpus callosum after cerebral ischemia [23].
• The GFAP content increase in the corpus callosum was additionally illustrated by the upregulation in GFAP immunostaining [24].

Anatomical context of Corpus Callosum

• A monoclonal antibody designated anti-Cl was obtained from a hybridoma clone isolated from a fusion of NS1 myeloma with spleen cells from BALB/c mice injected with homogenate of white matter from bovine corpus callosum [25].
• Nonexencephalic MARCKS-deficient pups had agenesis of the corpus callosum and other forebrain commissures, as well as failure of fusion of the cerebral hemispheres [26].
• Oocytes injected with mRNA extracted from the corpus callosum expressed functional receptors to glutamate, acetylcholine, and serotonin, and also voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, all with similar properties in the two species studied [27].
• Immunohistochemistry of brain sections revealed the presence of D3r in some oligodendrocytes located mainly within the genu and radiato of the corpus callosum during the active period of myelination [28].
• In affected boys, consistent clinical features of X-linked lissencephaly with absent corpus callosum and ambiguous genitalia are intractable epilepsy of neonatal onset, severe hypotonia, poor responsiveness, genital abnormalities, and early death [29].

Associations of Corpus Callosum with chemical compounds

• The corpus callosum atrophy was accompanied by a decreased mean cortical glucose metabolic rate, predominantly in the frontal region of the cortex, and poor performance on the picture arrangement subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the verbal fluency task [30].
• Expression of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3r) was found in primary mixed glial cultures from newborn brain and in the corpus callosum in vivo during the peak of myelination [28].
• To trace the implanted cells, they were stained with the carbocyanine vital dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate before injecting them into the white matter above the corpus callosum [31].
• When measurements were compared among 44 patients, whose cerebral speech dominance had been determined by the intracarotid injection of sodium amytal, the area of the corpus callosum was significantly greater in patients with right-hemisphere cerebral speech dominance [32].
• We observed variations in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity over the considered developmental period in most bundles (corpus callosum, cerebellar peduncles, cortico-spinal tract, spino-thalamic tract, capsules, radiations, longitudinal and uncinate fascicles, cingulum) [33].

Gene context of Corpus Callosum

• Newborn Nfia(-/-) animals lack a corpus callosum and show ventricular dilation indicating early hydrocephalus [5].
• These results are consistent with deficient auditory interhemispheric transfer in patients with a PAX6 mutation, which may be attributable to structural and/or functional abnormalities of the anterior commisure and corpus callosum, although the exact contribution of these two formations to our findings remains unclear [34].
• The axon guidance defect of the corpus callosum in the jsap1-/- brain was correlated with the misplacement of glial sling cells, which reverted to their normal position after the transgenic expression of JNK interacting protein 1(JIP1) [35].
• The transgenic JIP1 partially rescued the axon guidance defect of the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure of the jsap1-/- brain [35].
• Using a multiple tissue expression (MTE) array containing 20 different human brain regions, the highest levels of both SFT/UbcH5A and DMT1 mRNA are detected in the corpus callosum and cerebellum [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Corpus Callosum

• Effects of anterior corpus callosum section on cortical glucose utilization in baboons. A sequential positron emission tomography study [37].
• METHOD: Using a new imaging technique, we measured region-specific corpus callosum atrophy in patients with Alzheimer disease and correlated the changes with neuropsychological functioning [38].
• In BALB/c animals which had been exposed to ethanol the area of both the corpus callosum and anterior commissure was smaller than in the two control groups, and this effect was independent of the lower brain weight resulting from the treatment [39].
• METHODS AND MATERIALS: Inclusion criteria included the following: biopsy-proven supratentorial malignant astrocytoma of brain < or =6 cm in size, not crossing midline or involving corpus callosum, age 18-70, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) > or =70 [40].
• Stereotactic radiosurgery was performed with a cobalt-60 gamma knife using a 4-mm collimator, targeted to the rostrum, genu, and anterior third of body of the corpus callosum [41].

References