Disease relevance of Cryosurgery

• With follow-up of 5 years or more available in several series, cryoablation appears to be an effective modality for the eradication of localized prostate cancer, particularly low-volume cancer (PSA less than 10 ng/ml and Gleason score less than 7) [1].
• METHODS: Forty patients underwent cryosurgery for hepatic malignancy related to colorectal metastasis (n = 27), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 8), metastatic breast (n = 2), metastatic neuroendocrine (n = 2), and metastatic ovarian carcinoma (n = 1) [2].
• The serine protease inhibitor may represent a valuable adjunct in cryosurgery of hepatic neoplasms [3].
• A comparison of intralesional triamcinolone and cryosurgery in the treatment of acne keloids [4].
• Verrucous carcinoma of the penis. Successful treatment with cryosurgery and topical fluorouracil therapy [5].

High impact information on Cryosurgery

• RESULTS: The MTD for patients who did not undergo cryosurgery was 100 mg/m2 of irinotecan weekly for 3 weeks every 4 weeks with concurrent HAI FUDR (0.16 mg/kg/d x pump volume/flow rate) plus dexamethasone for 14 days of a 28-day cycle [6].
• Cryoablations were from 4 to 8 min long at -75 degrees C. Acute end points were noninducibility of AVNRT by programmed atrial stimulation at baseline or during isoproterenol performed 30 min after procedure, as well as noninducibility and conduction block over the AP [7].
• Seventy-eight women with CIN 1-, CIN 2-, and CIN 3-grade lesions were treated with either an MVA E2 recombinant virus vaccine or with cryosurgery [8].
• CONCLUSION: Image-guided percutaneous cryoablation of small (< or = 4-cm) renal lesions appears to require less analgesia than RF ablation [9].
• Cryoablation was associated with a significantly lower dose of fentanyl (165.0 microg [RF group] vs 75.0 microg [cryoablation group]; P < .001) and midazolam (2.9 mg [RF group] vs 1.6 mg [cryoablation group]; P = .026) [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cryosurgery

• Nitrous oxide cryosurgery applied to skin cancers [10].
• The value of combining cryoablation with administration of the polysaccharide preparation in the prevention of growth of residual tumors was investigated [11].
• Treatments of angiofibromas have included curettage, cryosurgery, chemical peel, dermabrasion, shave excision, and 13-cis retinoic acid [12].
• With the use of whole-body scintigraphy after injection of indium-111-labeled platelets we here demonstrated in six patients undergoing cryoablation of hepatic tumors that manifestation of systemic thrombocytopenia after cryosurgery is associated with excessive platelet trapping and destruction within the cryolesion [13].
• If after exploratory celiotomy for potential curative resection of hepatic metastases the patient was deemed unresectable because of location and/or number of lesions, cryosurgery and intraoperative chemotherapy with systemic 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 and leucovorin 500 mg/m2 was performed [14].

Biological context of Cryosurgery

• Laparoscopic cryomyolysis was performed with use of the Her Option Cryoablation System (American Medical Systems Gynecology, San Diego, Calif) [15].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate wound healing of incisions created by steel scalpel (with and without the application of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) and cryosurgery [16].

Anatomical context of Cryosurgery

• Specific immunity to the MCA-10 line following tumor cryosurgery was demonstrated since lymphocytes and sera from cryosurgically treated tumor-bearing mice were not cytotoxic to a different methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (MCAP) in C57 mice or a malignant melanoma (S91) being transferred in Balb/C mice [17].
• Two patients had epicardial cryoablation of the isthmus between the inferior vena cava and the tricuspid valve annulus [18].
• In conclusion, administration of IGF-1 can facilitate the regeneration of NOS-containing nerve fibers in penile tissue and enhance the recovery of erectile function after bilateral cavernous nerve cryoablation [19].
• The polysaccharide treatment significantly reduced the production of IL-4 and IL-10 following cryoablation; the production of TNF-alpha and INF-gamma was slightly promoted; the natural killer and cytotoxic T-cell activities of splenocytes were slightly enhanced [11].
• These results indicated that, the stromas and then the squamous and columnar epithelial cells in turn were regenerated after CO2-laser treatment, and that the regeneration occurred earlier after laser treatment than after cryosurgery [20].

Associations of Cryosurgery with chemical compounds

• CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of the prostate after cryosurgery provides a highly accurate means of monitoring success [21].
• Several methods have been developed, including intratumoral injection of ethanol or acetic acid, and thermal ablation with radiofrequency, laser, microwaves, or cryosurgery [22].
• PURPOSE: Laparoscopic renal cryoablation is a nephron sparing treatment alternative for selected patients with small renal tumors [23].
• RESULTS: PSA was undetectable at 6 months in 48% of patients who received no androgen deprivation therapy following cryosurgery [24].
• We report that freezing facilitates bleomycin penetration into cells making it toxic to cryosurgery surviving cells at concentrations that are non-toxic systemically [25].

Gene context of Cryosurgery

• Cryoablation led to significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-12 (383.6 pg/ml +/- 32.8 versus 251.6 +/- 16.5, p=0.025) and IFN-gamma (1564 pg/ml +/- 49 versus 1244 pg/ml +/- 101, p=0.009), but no changes in IL-4 or IL-10 [26].
• Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 complex in cavernous nerve cryoablation [19].
• CRP and SAA responses were higher in the patients treated with cryosurgery than in patients after hepatectomy [27].
• However, better protection of the rectal wall during cryoablation of the peripheral zone of the prostate (PZP) may permit deeper freezing of the PZP and for longer time, rendering the procedure safer and more effective [28].
• After hepatic cryoablation, bioluminescent NF-kappaB activity increased in the nonablated liver remnant by 4 hours in both control (119,093 +/- 22,808 net RLU/mg protein) and CVF-treated mice (117,722 +/- 14,932) from cumulative baseline (657 +/- 90, P < 0.0001) [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cryosurgery

• Prostate cancer: gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging at 3 weeks compared with needle biopsy at 6 months after cryoablation [30].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 106 patients have undergone percutaneous cryosurgery using a brachytherapy template with at least 12 months of PSA followup [31].
• CONCLUSIONS: Cryosurgery was associated with favorable serum PSA characteristics in 49% of patients 3 years after treatment [32].
• Nonetheless, regional control of HCC is highly relevant and many regional strategies have been explored, including hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy transarterial chemoembolization, lipiodol chemoembolization, radiation therapy, cryosurgery, percutaneous ethanol injection, and radiofrequency ablation [33].
• The majority use topical 5-fluorouracil, cryosurgery, electrodesiccation and curettage, and surgery [34].

References