Disease relevance of Fasciola hepatica

• There are few well-established risk factors for CC, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver fluke infestations, hepatolithiasis, Thorotrast exposure, and choledochal cysts [1].
• Promoter hypermethylation is a major event of hMLH1 gene inactivation in liver fluke related cholangiocarcinoma [2].
• Bile duct hyperplasia caused by proline is believed to represent a chemical effect of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, and the resultant cell division might be expected to play a role as a tumor promoter [3].

High impact information on Fasciola hepatica

• Furthermore, throughout the development of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, a strong correlation was found between the quinone composition and the type of metabolism: the amount of Q was correlated with the use of the aerobic respiratory chain, and the amount of RQ with the use of fumarate reduction [4].
• Kinetics of oxygen and carbon monoxide binding to liver fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) hemoglobin. An extreme case [5]?
• In the present study metabolism of [1-13C]glucose by the common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, was studied both directly with 13C NMR and indirectly by observation of 13C-induced multiplet splitting of the 1H NMR resonances from the glycolytic end-products propionate and acetate [6].
• We conclude that the liver fluke infection-associated ICC in Thailand is classified as low frequency MSI or microsatellite stable type and that DNA MMR system, through hMSH2 and hMLH1 gene mutations, does not play a major role in its carcinogenesis [7].
• Cloning and expression of the major secreted cathepsin B-like protein from juvenile Fasciola hepatica and analysis of immunogenicity following liver fluke infection [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fasciola hepatica

• The relationship between different levels of liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini infestation and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) dosage in the induction of cholangiocarcinomas was investigated in Syrian golden hamsters [9].

Biological context of Fasciola hepatica

• A cytosolic polyamine N-acetyltransferase which catalyses polyamine and diamine acetylation has been partially purified from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica [10].
• Following a number of studies and trial projects of the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, the national liver fluke control program has been developed and operated under several National Public Health Development Plans [11].
• This study suggests that genetic alterations of DNA mismatch repair genes and tumor suppressor gene p53 may be involved in cholangiocarcinogenesis and these alterations may be of value as prognostic indicators for liver fluke related cholangiocarcinoma [12].
• Since, gene silencing by methylation is an early event in carcinogenesis, promoter hypermethylation of hMLH1 may be a molecular targeted therapy and prevention of liver fluke related cholangiocarcinoma [2].
• The formation of propionate and acetate as terminal processes in the energy metabolism of the adult liver fluke Fasciola hepatica [13].

Anatomical context of Fasciola hepatica

• Promotion of N-nitrosodimethylamine-initiated bile duct carcinogenesis in the hamster by the human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini [14].
• Antibody secreting cell probes (ASC-probes) were generated from the hepatic lymph node (HLN), mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and spleen of rats after infection with the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, and used to probe Western blots of parasite antigens [15].
• Potentiation by the human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, of the carcinogenic action of N-nitrosodimethylamine upon the biliary epithelium of the hamster [16].
• Immunolocalisation studies revealed that the cathepsin L-like proteinase is concentrated within vesicles in the gut epithelial cells of liver fluke [17].

Associations of Fasciola hepatica with chemical compounds

• Syrian golden hamsters experimentally infected with O. viverrini liver fluke excreted in the urine significantly greater amounts of nitrate, a stable oxidization product of NO, than untreated hamsters (3.64 +/- 0.86 versus 2.64 +/- 0.60 mumol/hamster/day, P < 0.001) [18].
• Electron paramagnetic resonance properties of liver fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) nitrosyl hemoglobin [19].
• The proposed method was used to monitor raw milk samples for the market, and applied to the analysis of milk samples from 10 cows which had been administered with triclabendazole to control the liver fluke [20].
• Data are then presented which demonstrate an elevation in levels of salivary nitrite and urinary and plasma nitrate among men with moderate and heavy liver fluke infections compared to uninfected controls which was absent 4 months after the parasites were cleared with praziquantel [21].
• The liver fluke DPP is a serine proteinase of molecular weight > 200 kDa and differs from previously characterized mammalian DPPs in its substrate preference and susceptibility to inactivation by inhibitors [22].

Gene context of Fasciola hepatica

• The protection observed in cattle vaccinated with native FABP of F. gigantica supports the notion that this class of proteins is a useful target for protection of animals against Fasciola and extends the efficacy of FABPs to the tropical liver fluke [23].
• On the other hand, point-mutational activation of the c-Ki-ras proto-oncogene may be involved in cholangiocarcinogenesis in liver without preexisting liver-fluke or viral infection [24].
• Association of liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infestation with increased expression of cytochrome P450 and carcinogen metabolism in male hamster liver [25].
• Using human Echinococcus granulosus infection sera, Gal(beta1-6)Gal-terminating glycolipids could be allocated to the gut in adult liver fluke cryosections [26].
• Using ELISAs, we compared the ability of liver fluke homogenates (LFH), excretory/secretory (ES) products, and CL1 to discriminate between seropositive (infected) and seronegative (noninfected) individuals within a population of 95 patients from the Bolivian Altiplano [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fasciola hepatica

• Restriction enzyme mapping of ribosomal DNA can distinguish between fasciolid (liver fluke) species [28].
• Three cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinases, designated A1, A2, and B, were isolated from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica using Phenyl-Sepharose and DEAE-cellulose chromatography [29].

References