Disease relevance of Echinococcus

• Hydatid cyst fluid isolated from sheep infected with Echinococcus granulosus contains a glycoprotein (P1gp) with a terminal alpha-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-Galp disaccharide [1].
• The mitochondrial rRNA of the tapeworm species Echinococcus multilocularis carries an adenine at sequence position 2058 (numbering according to that for Escherichia coli) of the large-subunit rRNA (lsrRNA), while the nucleus-encoded rRNA, as determined in this study, is characterized by 2058G [2].
• Jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) inoculated intraperitoneally with cystic material of Echinococcus multilocularis were given daily oral treatments of praziquantel at 300 mg/kg of body weight (bw) or dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle for five-day treatment regimens starting at 29 days postinoculation (PI) up to 69 days PI [3].
• Immunisation with Salmonella typhimurium-delivered glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protects mice against challenge infection with Echinococcus multilocularis eggs [4].
• To investigate the role of the IgE-immunoreactive recombinant Echinococcus granulosus elongation factor-1 beta/delta (EgEF-1 beta/delta) in the allergic disorders during CE we determined humoral and cell-mediated responses to this antigen in patients with CE grouped according to the clinical presence or absence of allergic reactions [5].

High impact information on Echinococcus

• Thirty-two patients with cysts caused by Echinococcus granulosus were treated with albendazole in a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day [6].
• The diagnosis of an Echinococcus multilocularis infection is routinely performed by radiological techniques and by the detection of specific antibodies in the sera of infected patients [7].
• Diagnosis of Echinococcus multilocularis infection by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction [7].
• In this study, we cloned from the helminth parasite Echinococcus granulosus two trans-spliced mRNA variants that encode thioredoxin glutathione reductases (TGR) [8].
• A major Echinococcus multilocularis antigen is a mucin-type glycoprotein [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Echinococcus

• Four hundred forty-eight patients with 929 Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts received 3- to 6-month continuous cycles of mebendazole or albendazole treatment and underwent prolonged follow-up by clinical visits and imaging studies (range, 1-14 years) to assess the long-term outcome of treatment [10].
• The ubiquitous intracellular molecule myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is present extracellularly in the hydatid cyst wall (HCW) of the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus [11].
• Serum antibody response following parenteral immunization with hydatid cyst fluid in sheep infected with Echinococcus granulosus [12].
• Anthelmintic effects of cyclosporin A on protoscoleces and secondary hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in the mouse [13].
• Three months after infection with Echinococcus multilocularis, Mongolian gerbils were given either the dipeptide methyl ester (Phe-Phe-OMe) or a combination of Phe-Phe-OMe plus albendazole to treat alveolar echinococcosis [14].

Biological context of Echinococcus

• Antibody responses to in vitro translation products following albendazole therapy for Echinococcus granulosus [15].
• An immunoscreening of a cDNA library derived from the adult stage of the parasitic platyhelminth Echinococcus granulosus has been carried out with sera from infected dogs [16].
• Unique precipitation and exocytosis of a calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in larval Echinococcus granulosus [11].
• Water and electrolyte balance in protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus incubated in vitro: general procedures for the determination of water, sodium, potassium and chloride in protoscoleces [17].
• An Echinococcus granulosus genomic library has been screened with a mouse beta-actin cDNA probe [18].

Anatomical context of Echinococcus

• Mitochondrial ribosome as the target for the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin in the helminth Echinococcus multilocularis [2].
• One had Echinococcus multilocularis infection with complete obstruction of the inferior vena cava and the other two had E. granulosus infection with complete obstruction of the hepatic vein [19].
• IL-5 expressed by CD4+ lymphocytes from Echinococcus multilocularis-infected patients [20].
• At that time, in vitro Echinococcus multilocularis-induced spleen T cell proliferative responses as well as IFN-gamma and IL-5 production were higher in IL-12 treated mice than in untreated mice [21].
• Treatment of cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus) with mebendazole: assessment of bound and free drug levels in cyst fluid and of parasite vitality in operative specimens [22].

Associations of Echinococcus with chemical compounds

• Comparison of albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel chemotherapy of Echinococcus multilocularis in a gerbil model [23].
• Efficacies of albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone against In vitro-cultivated Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes [24].
• Effects of multiple doses of isoprinosine on Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes [25].
• myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate is a major component of an extracellular structure in the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus [26].
• In vitro parasiticidal effect of Nitazoxanide against Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes [27].

Gene context of Echinococcus

• We compared IL-10, IL-5, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from eight HLA-DR3+, DQ2+, B8+ AE patients and from 10 HLA-DR3-, DQ2-, B8- patients after non-specific mitogenic and specific Echinococcus multilocularis antigenic in vitro stimulation [28].
• Comparison of the closely related sequences of human, murine and porcine moesin, ezrin and radixin with a protein from Echinococcus multilocularis, an evolutionarily quite distant human parasite, reveals several highly invariant domains in the aminoterminal and carboxyterminal regions [29].
• Functional expression and characterization of Echinococcus granulosus thioredoxin peroxidase suggests a role in protection against oxidative damage [30].
• Pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-18) cytokines and IL-8 chemokine release by PBMC in response to Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode vesicles [31].
• Expression of CD30L mRNA and the variant form of CD30 mRNA was frequently detected at individual time points during 72 h of culture of PBMC stimulated with crude Echinococcus antigen [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Echinococcus

• A sandwich ELISA for the detection of Echinococcus granulosus coproantigen in formalin and heat-treated faecal supernatants of dogs was developed [33].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of an Echinococcus granulosus cDNA encoding malate dehydrogenase [34].
• Nitric oxide-mediated immunosuppression following murine Echinococcus multilocularis infection [35].
• Diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs by detecting adult worms recovered post mortem or purged from the intestines after treatment with arecoline is not suitable for mass screening [36].
• A fragment of an Echinococcus multilocularis glutathione S-transferase cDNA was isolated by the polymerase chain reaction [37].

References