Disease relevance of Salamandridae

• J10 lactate-induced polycythemia in newts [1].

Psychiatry related information on Salamandridae

• Intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; 25 ng) given to male rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) stimulated locomotor activity tested in a circular arena starting 35 min after the injection [2].

High impact information on Salamandridae

• In vitro analysis further revealed that 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the release of dopamine from cultured brain tissue of nonbreeding newts [3].
• In this paper, we describe expression of FGF-1 and its receptors, FGFR-2 (KGFR and bek variants) and FGFR-3, in newts during lens regeneration [4].
• In the present study, nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) was administered to lentectomized Japanese common newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster, by a single injection into the posterior chamber of the right eye (40-100 micrograms Ni3S2/newt) [5].
• We show here that, in two urodele amphibians, newts and axolotls, the regulation of Tbx4 and Tbx5 differs from higher vertebrates [6].
• Pigment cell pattern formation in Taricha torosa: the role of the extracellular matrix in controlling pigment cell migration and differentiation [7].

Biological context of Salamandridae

• In the present report, first we show that the injection of PRL into newts causes apoptosis in spermatogonia after the sixth mitotic division, the penultimate one before spermatogonia normally enter meiosis [8].
• Arginine vasotocin induces sexual behavior of newts by acting on cells in the brain [9].
• Courtship clasping, a reproductive behavior in male roughskin newts (Taricha granulosa), is rapidly blocked by an action of corticosterone (CORT) at a specific neuronal membrane receptor [10].
• Neuroanatomical distribution of cannabinoid receptor gene expression in the brain of the rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa [11].
• Seasonal changes in the plasma levels of androgens (testosterone plus dihydrotestosterone) and 17 beta-estradiol in diploid and triploid adult newts, Pleurodeles waltl were studied [12].

Anatomical context of Salamandridae

• Inasmuch as the pattern of Hox C6 expression is similar in developing forelimb buds of larvae and epimorphically regenerating forelimb blastemata of both adults and larvae, our results support the paradigm that epimorphic regeneration in adult newts parallels larval forelimb development [13].
• Rapid corticosterone-induced impairment of amplectic clasping occurs in the spinal cord of roughskin newts (taricha granulosa) [10].
• Because arginine vasotocin (AVT) activates male sexual behaviors in the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa), quantitative autoradiography with radiolabelled arginine vasopressin (3H-AVP) was used to characterize putative AVT receptors in the telencephalon of this amphibian [14].
• Eel electroplax mRNA was injected into oocytes of newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster) and the injection induced synthesis of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the oocyte membrane [15].
• Further experiments on this mixture with Italian Great Newts and on the carbon tetrafluoride mixtures CF4-Ar and CF4-SF6 with mice suggested that the anomalous potencies may arise from specific pulmonary effects associated with the breathing of SF6 accompanied by a high pressure of some other gas [16].

Associations of Salamandridae with chemical compounds

• Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the neuroanatomical distribution of androgen and estrogen receptors in brains of adult male roughskin newts, Taricha granulosa, collected during the breeding season [17].
• The present study utilized immunocytochemical techniques to determine whether the posterior GnRH group is present in a urodele amphibian, the newt Taricha granulosa [18].
• Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques were used to investigate the neuroanatomical distribution of arginine vasotocin-like systems in the roughskin newt (Taricha granulosa) [19].
• In the abdominal gland of newts treated with prolactin (PRL) plus testosterone propionate (TP), silefrin precursor mRNA expression was markedly enhanced as compared with that in the newts injected with saline, PRL, or TP [20].
• In the roughskin newt (Taricha granulosa), exogenous corticosterone (CORT) rapidly blocks and vasotocin (VT) enhances reproductive behaviors (mainly clasping behavior) [21].

Gene context of Salamandridae

• Expression of FGF2 in the limb blastema of two Salamandridae correlates with their regenerative capability [22].
• As a step to elucidate the localization of neurons on which PRL acts, we developed a polyclonal antibody against an oligopeptide having a sequence completely identical with a part of the sequence of PRL receptors (PRLRs) of two species of newts, C. pyrrhogaster and C. ensicauda, and performed an immunohistochemical study with this antibody [23].
• RT-PCR coupled with Southern blot analysis showed that the PRLR gene was transcribed broadly in newt organs and revealed that PRLR mRNA levels in the abdominal gland were much higher in sexually developed newts than in the sexually undeveloped ones [24].
• Taricha granulosa, the roughskin newt, was used here to characterize an amphibian cannabinoid receptor [25].
• HX produced a substantial fall in serum [Na+] in BC newts, while either PRL or ACTH replacement elevated serum [Na+] [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Salamandridae

• Hypophysectomy (HX) or ergocryptine treatment increased TEP in BC newts, whereas HX + PRL maintained TEP at control levels [26].
• The sodefrin content was increased markedly in the castrated and hypophysectomized newts after treatment with both testosterone and prolactin [27].
• Pituitary-intact and hypophysectomized control newts were subjected to forelimb amputation and injected with hormone diluent [28].
• The ability of newts and other urolele amphibians to regenerate an accidentally-removed or amputated limb is lost after hypophysectomy, but restored following intraperitoneal injection of beta endorphin, or the C-terminal tetrapeptide sequence of human beta endorphin, Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu (= MPF) [29].

References