Disease relevance of Clavicle

• Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal-dominant condition characterized by hypoplasia/aplasia of clavicles, patent fontanelles, supernumerary teeth, short stature, and other changes in skeletal patterning and growth [1].
• Furthermore, a high level of TGF-beta 2 overexpression resulted in defective bone mineralization and severe hypoplasia of the clavicles, a hallmark of the developmental disease cleidocranial dysplasia [2].
• A boy with intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, dysostosis of the skull, hypoplastic facial bones, labiogingival retraction, agenesis of the clavicles, distal aphalangia, and severely hypoplastic thumbs and halluces is described [3].
• Apart from a recent spontaneous fracture of the clavicle, Looser lines and pseudofractures were noted in a finger, fibula and malleolus [4].
• Exclusion criteria were wounds above the clavicle more than ten hours old, wounds below the clavicle more than six hours old, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, or antibiotic or steroid therapy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Clavicle

• Most of the men with a fracture of the lateral clavicle are registered at the Department of Alcohol Diseases, making this injury a marker of alcohol abuse [6].

High impact information on Clavicle

• In Fgf10-/- embryos, limb bud formation was initiated but outgrowth of the limb buds did not occur; however, formation of the clavicles was not affected [7].
• Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypoplastic or absent clavicles, large fontanelles, dental anomalies and delayed skeletal development [8].
• Cx43-deficient animals also exhibited retarded ossification of the clavicles, ribs, vertebrae, and limbs, demonstrating that skeletal abnormalities are not restricted to a neural crest defect [9].
• The latency of N20 measured from N9 at the clavicle and the absolute latency of P40 were significantly correlated with the length of MRI abnormalities in the ipsilateral cervical cord [10].
• The N13 potential, recorded from the low cervical region to a supraglottal reference, was most frequently abnormal in patients with MRI lesions at C6 or C7, whereas P14, recorded from the scalp to a clavicle reference, was most often affected by lesions at Cl or the cervicomedullary junction [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Clavicle

• Carcass damage evaluation indicated that birds stunned with CO2 had a significantly lower percentage of broken clavicles, and had fewer hemorrhages on the surface of the Pectoralis [11].
• A patient receiving home parenteral nutrition developed osteomyelitis of the clavicle associated with a Hickman catheter which had been functioning for 14 months [12].

Biological context of Clavicle

• Loss of one Cbfa1 allele (+/-) leads to a phenotype very similar to human CCD, featuring hypoplasia of the clavicles and patent fontanelles [13].
• After thus defining the time of first-appearance of neutrophils, specific mRNA transcripts for G-CSF and G-CSF-R were sought from clavicles of varying gestational ages, using RT-PCR, and the presence of these proteins in the clavicles were sought using immunohistochemistry [14].

Anatomical context of Clavicle

• Multivariate ANOVA shows the AI to have significantly stronger clavicles and humeri, while the LSA femora, tibiae, and first metatarsals are stronger than those of the AI [15].
• A T-shaped skin incision is used, with the horizontal limb 1 cm above the clavicle, and the vertical limb extending in the midline over the body of the sternum [16].
• A false negative technetium 99m bone scan in a 53-year-old man with a fractured tibia and fractured clavicles conducted 88 h after the accident [17].
• The durable stainless steel and titanium LifeSite valve is implanted in a subcutaneous tissue pocket, typically below the clavicle [18].
• CONCLUSIONS: Tumescent injection above the clavicles results in a rapid rise in plasma lidocaine concentration when compared with injection to the lower extremities [19].

Associations of Clavicle with chemical compounds

• The first 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan showed increased bilateral and symmetric uptake in the ribs, clavicles and iliac bones [20].
• The results agree with earlier observations that the C4 segment innervates the clavicle and imply that patients with a lesion at or above C4 may have elevated clavicular vibratory thresholds [21].
• In patients with severe baseline vertebral fractures, raloxifene 60 mg/day decreased the risks of new vertebral [RR 0.74 (95% Cl 0.54, 0.99); P = 0.048] and nonvertebral (clavicle, humerus, wrist, pelvis, hip, and leg) fractures [RH 0.53 (95% CI 0.29, 0.99); P = 0.046] at 3 years [22].
• We attempted to reconstruct the mandible at the time of tumor resection in a group of patients, using titanium mesh with marrow, rib, scapular spine, and clavicle [23].
• Patients typically have manageable long-term symptoms without any intervention, but some may require a steroid injection or distal clavicle excision for chronic pain from degenerative changes at the AC joint due to the injury [24].

Gene context of Clavicle

• Our observations highlight the role of MSX2 in clavicular development and the importance of radiological examination of the clavicles in subjects with PFM [25].
• The clavicle of Ccd mice showed a smaller band of mesenchymal cell condensation than in wild-type mice [26].
• 5. In the lateral part of the clavicle type I collagen expression was not detected until E14.5 and osteopontin expression only appeared at E15 [26].
• The results of this investigation indicate that the fracture of the clavicle is a significant and peculiar factor in stimulating CT secretion [27].
• Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in newborn infants with fracture of the clavicle [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Clavicle

• The perimeters of the dissection extend from the midline anteriorly to the anterior border of the trapezius muscle posteriorly, and from the clavicle to the mandible [28].
• BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the effect of irradiation on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors, because radiotherapy to NPC covers a column from the basal skull to the clavicle level [29].

References