Disease relevance of Haes cpd

• Hydroxycitrate has long-term effects on feeding behavior, body weight regain and metabolism after body weight loss in male rats [1].
• Hydroxycitrate (HCA), a popular dietary supplement for weight loss, is a competitive inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase, an extramitochondrial enzyme involved in the initial steps of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) [2].
• Genome shuffling of Streptomyces sp. U121 for improved production of hydroxycitric acid [3].
• However, the diets containing 102 mmol HCA/kg diet and higher (778 and 1244 mg HCA/kg BW/d, respectively) caused potent testicular atrophy and toxicity, whereas diets containing 51 mmol HCA/kg diet (389 mg HCA/kg BW/d) or less did not [4].
• OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed whether long-term supplementation of a high-fructose diet with hydroxycitrate (HCA), an inhibitor of de novo lipogenesis that is widely used as a non-prescription dietary aid, decreases food intake, visceral fat accumulation, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia in rats [5].

High impact information on Haes cpd

• Inhibition was prevented by hydroxycitrate, a competitive inhibitor for ATP citrate lyase [6].
• Reactivity and inhibitor potential of hydroxycitrate isomers with citrate synthase, citrate lyase, and ATP citrate lyase [7].
• The effect of (-)hydroxycitrate on pyruvate metabolism in rat brain synaptosomes [8].
• Body weight and abdominal fat gene expression profile in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement [9].
• We examined the long-term effect of hydroxycitrate (HCA) on food intake, meal patterns, body weight regain and energy conversion ratio as well as on different blood and liver variables in rats after substantial body weight loss [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of Haes cpd

• Disinhibition of hepatic fatty acid oxidation with hydroxycitrate (HCA) and carnitine has considerable potential as a new weight-loss strategy, but in diabetics runs the risk of further enhancing excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis [10].

Biological context of Haes cpd

• Experiments with hydroxycitrate, a potent inhibitor of citrate cleavage enzyme, demonstrated that this is an obligatory enzyme in lipogenesis from pyruvate [11].
• Both 1.0 mmol/L (-)hydroxycitrate and 0.1 mmol/L SB-204490 decreased acetyl-CoA content in platelet cytoplasm along with suppression of MDA synthesis and platelet aggregation [12].
• Accordingly, 51 mmol HCA/kg diet (389 mg HCA/kg BW/d) was deemed to be the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) [4].
• Pyruvate and hydroxycitrate/carnitine may synergize to promote reverse electron transport in hepatocyte mitochondria, effectively 'uncoupling' the oxidation of fatty acids [13].

Anatomical context of Haes cpd

• We investigated the ability of Garcinia cambogia extract containing (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA) to suppress body fat accumulation in developing male Zucker obese (fa/fa) rats [4].
• Reduction of adipose tissue and body weight: effect of water soluble calcium hydroxycitrate in Garcinia atroviridis on the short term treatment of obese women in Thailand [14].

Associations of Haes cpd with other chemical compounds

• The addition of (-)hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase, inhibited fatty acid synthesis from glucose, pyruvate, and beta OHB by 88%, 70% and 60%, respectively, but had no effect on that from AcAc [15].
• For the remaining seven (ginger root [Zingiber officinale], guarana [Paullinia cupana], hydroxycitric acid [Garcinia cambogia], white willow [Salix alba], Siberian ginseng [Eleutherococcus senticosus], cayenne [Capsicum annuum], and bitter orange/zhi shi [Citrus aurantium]), inadequate or negative evidence exists [16].
• Sodium oxamate and hydroxycitrate caused less fatty acid to be synthesized from lactate in bovine adipose tissue [17].
• The former compound represents a unique beta-lactone structure and the latter compound is most likely an artefact of garcinia acid (= hydroxycitric acid) [18].
• Because of insufficient or conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid, ginseng, glucomannan, green tea, hydroxycitric acid, L-carnitine, psyllium, pyruvate, and St [19].

Gene context of Haes cpd

• Agaric acid and hydroxycitric acid completely abolished the stimulatory effect of the hormone on cytidylyltransferase but not on fatty-acid synthase [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Haes cpd

• Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method to quantify blood hydroxycitrate concentration [2].

References