Disease relevance of Bactroban

• The 2.2 angstrom resolution crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus IleRS complexed with tRNA(Ile) and Mupirocin shows the acceptor strand of the tRNA(Ile) in the continuously stacked, A-form conformation with the 3' terminal nucleotide in the editing active site [1].
• Efficacy of mupirocin in cutaneous candidiasis [2].
• For the doublet and triplet ACP domains in the biosynthetic pathway for the antibiotic mupirocin from Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB10586 we have inactivated ACP domains by inframe deletion and amino acid substitution of the active site serine [3].
• We determined the crystal structures of the IleRS from the thermophilic eubacterium, Thermus thermophilus, in complexes with Ile-AMS and mupirocin at 3.0- and 2.5-A resolutions, respectively [4].
• The incidences of catheter-associated bacteremias in honey-treated (n = 51) and mupirocin-treated (n = 50) patients were comparable (0.97 versus 0.85 episodes per 1000 catheter-days, respectively; NS) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Bactroban

• A new cream formulation of mupirocin developed to improve patient compliance was compared with systemic and topical antibiotics commonly used to treat primary and secondary skin infections [6].

High impact information on Bactroban

• Additionally, analysis of plasmid patterns showed that 79% of subjects in the mupirocin group were free of the initial colonizing strain at 3 months [7].
• Structural basis for the recognition of isoleucyl-adenylate and an antibiotic, mupirocin, by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase [4].
• New developments in managing these patients (erythropoietin therapy, nasal mupirocin, long-term implanted catheters, and synthetic membranes) may have altered the epidemiologic patterns of bacteremia in dialysis patients [8].
• A randomized prospective trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of mupirocin ointment in the prevention of Staphylococcus aureus skin and catheter colonization, and episodes of bacteremia in 136 end-stage renal disease patients [9].
• Mupirocin-resistant MRSA strains were isolated in 10.8% of patients [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bactroban

• Attempts to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a long-term-care facility with the use of mupirocin ointment [10].
• The safety and efficacy of a new topical antiinfective agent, mupirocin, was compared with that of oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate in the treatment of impetigo in children [11].
• Development of resistance to ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and mupirocin in methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates [12].
• The MIC90 results for retapamulin were 0.12 microg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and < or = 0.03 microg/ml for Streptococcus pyogenes; no cross-resistance was observed for organism subsets resistant to oxacillin, erythromycin, or mupirocin [13].
• In-vitro activity of mupirocin ('pseudomonic acid') against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus [14].

Biological context of Bactroban

• Gene knockout experiments demonstrated the importance of regions in mupirocin production, and complementation of the disrupted gene confirmed that the phenotypes were not due to polar effects [15].
• Characterization of the mupirocin biosynthesis gene cluster from Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 10586 [15].
• By in-frame deletion analysis of selected tailoring open-reading frames we show that mupQ, mupS, mupT, and mupW are essential for mupirocin production, whereas mupO, mupU, mupV, and macpE are essential for production of PA-A but not PA-B [16].
• An attempt to eradicate the resident's nasal carriage of MRSA in January 1986 failed; eradication of his carrier state was achieved only after treatment with mupirocin [17].
• Mupirocin-resistant mutants of S. aureus 8325-4 were therefore generated to examine their ileS genotypes and the in vitro and in vivo fitness costs associated with them before and after compensatory evolution [18].

Anatomical context of Bactroban

• These observations suggest that long-term use of low but bactericidal concentrations of mupirocin will not impair growth of fibroblasts in healing wounds [19].
• Twenty noncarriers, 26 intermittent carriers, and 16 persistent carriers had nasal, throat, and perineum samples taken 1 day before and 5 weeks after mupirocin treatment (twice daily for 5 days) and assessed for growth of S. aureus [20].
• We measured the delivery of mupirocin to the pharynx in three normal volunteers and two patients [21].
• In P. aeruginosa, subinhibitory concentrations of mupirocin inhibited flagella formation, which was associated with reduced flagellin expression [22].
• These results indicate that topical nasal treatment with mupirocin is effective to prevent carriage of bacteria into the trachea [23].

Associations of Bactroban with other chemical compounds

• The emergence of mupirocin resistance in S. aureus highlights the need for a new topical antibiotic with the ability to inhibit high-level mupirocin-resistant strains and other emerging phenotypes, such as vancomycin-resistant and community-acquired methicillin-resistant isolates [24].
• No MRSA isolate showed chlorhexidine resistance or high-level mupirocin resistance; however, we observed an association (P = 0.003) between low-level mupirocin resistance at study entry (prevalence, 23%) and subsequent treatment failure in both study arms [25].
• Pseudomonic acid A (mupirocin) blocks protein synthesis in bacteria by inhibition of bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase [26].
• Kinetic analysis of crude isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from trained and untrained B. subtilis strains revealed differences in apparent Ki for mupirocin (resistant strain SB23T, Ki = 71.1 nM; sensitive strain SB23, Ki = 33.5 nM), while the Km for isoleucine remained unchanged (2.7 to 2.9 microM) [26].
• When the individual circumstances of a medical facility justify eradication of MRSA colonization, a multidisciplinary approach that includes antibiotic therapy with oral minocycline and rifampin, along with topical mupirocin for those with nasal carriage, may be successful [27].

Gene context of Bactroban

• E. coli transformed with a plasmid containing ileS overproduced the target enzyme and demonstrated greater accumulation of mupirocin than a strain containing a control plasmid [26].
• Exposure of a relA strain to mupirocin resulted in accumulation of ribosomal protein operon transcripts [28].
• The nucleotide sequence of the ileS gene conferring high-level resistance to mupirocin in Staphylococcus aureus J2870 has been determined [29].
• In the present study, we developed a PCR protocol for simultaneous detection of enterococcal vanA and vanB genes, the staphylococcal methicillin and mupirocin resistance markers mecA and ileS-2, and identification of S. aureus [30].
• We have cloned and sequenced the Staphylococcus aureus Oxford ileS gene which encodes isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (Ile-RS), the target for the antibiotic mupirocin [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bactroban

• Randomized, controlled trial of topical exit-site application of honey (Medihoney) versus mupirocin for the prevention of catheter-associated infections in hemodialysis patients [5].
• Median duration of catheter use was greater in the mupirocin than in the control group (37 versus 20 d, P < 0.01) [9].
• Long-term efficacy of intranasal mupirocin ointment. A prospective cohort study of Staphylococcus aureus carriage [32].
• The effectiveness and safety of mupirocin calcium ointment applied to the anterior part of the nares for 5 days in the eradication of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study [33].
• PCR amplification of genomic DNA from each mupirocin-resistant strain resulted in a 1.65-kb fragment, the predicted product from the intragenic mupA primers [34].

References