Disease relevance of Occult Blood

• Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study [1].
• The stool DAF test was positive in a substantial portion of patients with colorectal cancer whose tumors were small ( < 2 cm), at an early TNM stage, or unassociated with fecal occult blood positivity [2].
• After 7 weeks of daily intraperitoneal melatonin administration (150 micrograms/kg), rectal bleeding and occult blood was eliminated in all mice in which colitis was induced by DSS [3].
• Recurrent episodes of severe abdominal pain and a positive fecal occult blood test in an 18-yr-old boy with mild mental retardation and slight dysmorphic features of the face, head, and skeletal system led to the diagnosis of FAP [4].
• A study was undertaken to assess the impact of computer-generated reminders to adult patients, their physicians, or both patients and physicians on adherence to five recommended preventive services: cholesterol measurements, fecal occult blood testing, mammography, Papanicolaou smears, and tetanus immunization [5].

High impact information on Occult Blood

• Contamination of urine with povidone-iodine. Cause of false-positive test for occult blood in urine [6].
• Guaifenesin effects on the guaiac test for occult blood [7].
• Stools from 10 male volunteers were tested by Hemoccult and Hematest occult blood methods after the ingestion of ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate [8].
• Vitamin C and guaiac occult blood tests [9].
• INTERVENTION: Aspirin therapy in patients screened with sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and fecal occult blood testing every year (FS/FOBT) or colonoscopy every 10 years (COLO) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Occult Blood

• Indications for systemic toxicity were noticed in the high-dose group and included occult blood in urine, elevated protein/creatinine ratio concomitantly with an increased urine volume and increased relative kidney weight indicating a slight disturbance of the kidney function [11].
• Mass screening for asymptomatic subjects and follow-up for high risk population are mainly used to find the early stage colorectal cancer in China. Fecal occult blood test is also widely made as primary screening test, galactose oxygenase test of rectal mucus (T antigen), fecal occult albumin test are also used [12].

Biological context of Occult Blood

• For other items, requiring more frequent measurements, computerization produced an advantage only for blood pressure and breast examination, but not for weight, occult blood and serum cholesterol [13].
• Dextran sulfate (DSS) administration induced inflammation in the large intestine, in particular of the cecum, in the gnotobiotic mice associated with three strains of Bacteroides vulgatus, judging from the myeloperoxidase activity, occult blood score, and IgG leakage into the intestinal contents [14].
• Hematology, fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and lactose intolerance evaluations are recommended for all patients demonstrating symptoms of IBS [15].

Anatomical context of Occult Blood

• Four reactions of the Chemstrip-9TM (Biodynamics, Inc., Indianapolis, IN) were used as biochemical indicators, namely, protein, occult blood, leukocyte esterase, and nitrite [16].
• When gastric drainage contained occult blood, endoscopic examination was performed again, and ET-1 concentrations in injured and adjacent normal mucosa were compared [17].
• Diagnostic tests were complete blood cell count; electrolytes; stool for occult blood, white blood cells, and Clostridia difficile toxin; and stool culture for Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter [18].
• We conclude that dipstick testing for albumin, protein, creatinine, glucose and occult blood has significant value in a multilevel testing scheme for identifying children with urinary tract abnormalities or diabetes [19].
• The lesions in the stomach, especially in the pyloric antrum, and fecal occult blood progressively worsened in the ketoprofen group [20].

Associations of Occult Blood with chemical compounds

• The study focused on whether a Pap smear was performed and whether a breast examination, mammogram, rectal examination or stool occult blood test, or serum cholesterol testing was performed [21].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine whether low-dose aspirin or warfarin induces fecal occult blood loss [22].
• Fecal occult blood loss is increased in most regular aspirin users but not in those taking acetaminophen [23].
• Even more alarming, 86% of the A lesions, 50% of the B1 lesions, 31% of the B2 lesions, and 14% of the C2 lesions were occult blood negative [24].
• Rapid immunochemical detection of fecal occult blood by use of a latex-agglutination test [25].

Gene context of Occult Blood

• (a) Specimens submitted for occult blood examination from 20 adults, over 3 consecutive days, to assess the inter-day variability in E1 excretion [26].
• New recommendations from the US Preventive Services Task Force endorse screening with fecal occult blood tests or sigmoidoscopy [27].
• Diagnostic value of a guaiac occult blood test and faecal alpha 1-antitrypsin [28].
• Of the substances known to interfere with conventional dye-oxidation tests for fecal occult blood, only myoglobin and ascorbic acid interfere with hemoglobin quantification by our procedure [29].
• Immunological determination of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels: a comparison with other fecal occult blood tests [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Occult Blood

• This panel includes hematologic tests, urinalysis, total protein, C-reactive protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, serum protein fractionation, six enzymes, and optional tests, including x-rays, electrocardiogram, and fecal occult blood [31].
• An established chemical faecal occult blood test (Haemoccult prepared without rehydration) has been compared with a new immunological test (Hemeselect) in patients referred for investigation of lower gastro-intestinal symptoms [32].
• House staff receiving feedback more often complied with fecal occult blood testing, mammography, pneumococcal vaccination, use of metronidazole, and combined Group A and B protocols than did controls (P less than 0.01) [33].
• Reporting laboratories in all 3 states most frequently performed testing for glucose, urinalysis, urine human chorionic gonadotropin, occult blood, and group A Streptococcus antigen, although other waived tests were performed less frequently [34].
• Those in the oldest age group (> or = 90 years) are generally less likely to monitor their cholesterol intake, exercise, have their stools checked for occult blood, or undergo a mammogram, Papanicolaou test, or prostate or skin evaluation as recommended [35].

References