Disease relevance of Viroptic

• Trifluridine for herpes zoster [1].
• Topical trifluridine for mucocutaneous acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex II in AIDS patient [2].
• Combination therapy of dendritic keratitis with trifluorothymidine and interferon [3].
• Similar changes were observed in MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells treated with trifluorothymidine or 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and in gamma-irradiated or glucocorticoid-treated rat thymocytes undergoing apoptosis [4].
• Acyclovir 3 percent ophthalmic ointment was compared with trifluorothymidine 2 percent ointment in a double-blind trial of 59 herpes keratitis patients [5].

Psychiatry related information on Viroptic

• However, trifluorothymidine is less subject to the development of drug-resistant strains and can be administered topically as a clear drop, which increases patient compliance [6].

High impact information on Viroptic

• Furthermore, the elevated levels of cytidine deaminase in these mouse tumors may result in selective conversion of F3methyl-dCyd to 5-trifluorothymidine at the tumor site [7].
• Strains expressing thymidine kinase were also more sensitive than strains lacking thymidine kinase to anticancer and antiviral nucleoside drugs that are activated by thymidine kinase, including 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouridine and trifluorothymidine [8].
• The effectiveness of acycloguanosine (acyclovir) and trifluorothymidine (TFT) as inhibitors of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was tested using a plaque-reduction assay [9].
• The incorporation of trifluorothymidine into calf thymus DNA in a cell-free system does not lead to chain termination [10].
• Thymidylate synthase (TS) from Lactobacillus casei is inhibited by 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (CF3dUMP) [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Viroptic

• Clinical evaluation of adenine arabinoside and trifluorothymidine in the treatment of corneal ulcers caused by herpes simplex virus [12].
• Comparative antiviral efficacies of cidofovir, trifluridine, and acyclovir in the HSV-1 rabbit keratitis model [13].
• 5-Azacytidine (5-aza-CR) and six of its analogs were examined for their ability to induce trifluorothymidine (TFT) and/or 6-thioguanine (6TG) resistance in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells [14].
• Effect of azone and propylene glycol on penetration of trifluorothymidine through skin and efficacy of different topical formulations against cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in guinea pigs [15].
• Three AIDS patients with severe cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection refractory to therapy with acyclovir and foscarnet (2 patients) were treated with a topical preparation of trifluorothymidine (TFT) and interferon-alpha [16].

Biological context of Viroptic

• However, trifluorothymidine, which has been reported to be a potential mutagen and teratogen, significantly altered DNA replication at concentrations from 1 to 100 microM [17].
• The higher mutation rates obtained with the in situ procedure suggest that many of the mutants, whether expressed or unexpressed, grew more slowly than wild-type cells prior to selection with trifluorothymidine (TFT), implying that the slow growth phenotype is expressed earlier than the TFTr (TFT-resistant) phenotype [18].
• The pyrimidine analog trifluorothymidine (TFT) is part of the anti-cancer drug formulation TAS-102, which was developed to enhance the bioavailability of TFT in vivo, and is currently being evaluated as an oral chemotherapeutic agent in phase I clinical studies [19].
• Drugs for the treatment of epithelial herpes inhibit virus replication in the host cells; the newest and most effective drug, trifluridine, heals 97% of epithelial lesions within two weeks [20].
• The mice were treated orally over 5 days with TAS-102, TFT alone, 5'DFUR+/-TPI or capecitabine at their maximum tolerated dose (MTD) [21].

Anatomical context of Viroptic

• Enhanced inhibition of virus DNA synthesis in hepatocytes by trifluorothymidine coupled to asialofetuin [22].
• Trifluorothymidine combined with OHP resulted in synergism for all cell lines (all CI<0.9) [23].
• The trifluorothymidine and idoxuridine had much milder toxic effects on regenerating epithelium and appeared equal in regard to production of such effects [24].
• Because trifluorothymidine (TFT) does not cross the blood brain barrier, the lipophilic dihydropyridine derivative 3'-(N-methyl-1, 4-dihydronicotinoyl)-5-'pivaloyltrifluorothymidine (DHTFT) was synthesized and characterized by HPLC [25].
• Aqueous levels of topically applied vidarabine monophosphate, trifluridine, and acyclovir were determined following topical administration in patients with normal corneas prior to cataract extraction [26].

Associations of Viroptic with other chemical compounds

• The pyrimidine analog trifluorothymidine (TFT) forms together with a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI) the anticancer drug formulation TAS-102, in which TPI enhances the bioavailability of TFT in vivo [23].
• To determine the role of TP in the sensitivity to 5FU, 5'DFUR, Ft and TFT, cells were cultured with the various fluoropyrimidines with or without TPI and differences in IC(50)'s were established [27].
• Unstable, non-mutational expression of resistance to the thymidine analogue, trifluorothymidine in CHO cells [28].
• Clinical trials of trifluridine, cidofovir, and penciclovir with lower treatment frequencies appear to be warranted [29].
• 5-AzaC inhibits the pseudomutagenic effect (transient trifluorothymidine resistance in a thymidine kinase heterozygote), but not the stable mutagenic effect (stable 6-thioguanine resistance or trifluorothymidine resistance in a hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-proficient cell) induced by BrdUrd [30].

Gene context of Viroptic

• Duration of HSV-1 shedding into tear film during topical treatment for acute herpetic keratitis was reduced slightly by combined therapy with either IFN alpha A or IFN alpha D with trifluridine [31].
• Human interferon alpha A or alpha D and trifluridine treatment for herpetic keratitis in rabbits [31].
• The cloning efficiency of KO lymphocytes was not affected by the toxic thymidine analogues 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) or trifluorothymidine (TFT), or by BrdUrd in the presence of lymphocytes from Tk+/- animals; however, it was easier to identify clones resistant to BrdUrd than to TFT when Tk+/- cells were present [32].
• Intracellular thymidylate synthase inhibition by trifluorothymidine in FM3A cells [33].
• The DNA polymerase mutants were relatively susceptible to most TK-activated drugs, although two were resistant to 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Viroptic

• Half of the infected rabbits and all of the uninfected controls received topical 1.0% trifluridine five time a day for 9 days, beginning the day after the first iontophoresis [35].
• A color-reduction test by ELISA was compared with the conventional plaque-reduction assay for its ability to measure the antiviral activity of acyclovir, bromovinyldeoxyuridine, trifluorothymidine, and vidarabine against four strains of varicella-zoster virus [36].
• Trifluorothymidine, which is still an experimental drug, has been shown in double-blind clinical trials to be the most potent antiviral drug for ocular use [37].
• No statistically significant difference was observed between trifluridine treatment alone and débridement combined with trifluridine treatment, with regard to healing time [38].
• Determination of trifluorothymidine in the eye using high-performance liquid chromatography [39].

References