Disease relevance of HSDB 792

• The pore-forming protein of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, porin, was chemically modified with acetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, and glycinamide [1].
• Treatment with succinic anhydride improves the immunogenicity of Shigella flexneri type 2a O-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugates in mice [2].
• To introduce new negative charges in a channel protein, amino groups of porin from Rhodobacter capsulatus 37b4 were succinylated with succinic anhydride, and the precise extent and sites of succinylations and structures of the succinylporins determined by mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography [3].
• Modification with succinic anhydride (SA) of Clostridium perfringens epsilon prototoxin or toxin resulted in a loss of activation by trypsin or lethal activity, respectively [4].
• In this paper, we demonstrate that the antibody response toward V3-based synthetic MAPs derived from HIV-1, JY1 isolate, conjugated to two different carrier proteins using either m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS) or beta-maleimidopropionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MPS), or succinic anhydride (SA) show different behaviors [5].

High impact information on HSDB 792

• Treatments such as protease digestion and chemical modification with acetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, or diazobenzenesulfonic acid destroyed the TF1-binding activity, which was caused by band 6 protein [6].
• Regioselective alkylation of an unsymmetrical succinic anhydride and a profound effect of pendent coordinating olefins on reaction rate suggest a mechanism involving discrete oxidative addition of the nickel complex into the cyclic anhydride followed by a transmetalation event [7].
• The L'ELISA used succinic anhydride to derivatize glyphosate, which mimics the epitotic attachment of glyphosate to horseradish peroxidase hapten [8].
• Three derivatizing agents were examined, the do and d3 forms of N-acetoxysuccinimide, the do and d4 forms of succinic anhydride, and the do and d8 forms of the commercial ICAT reagent Peptide mixtures from control and experimental samples were derivatized individually, mixed, subjected to reversed-phase chromatography, and analyzed by ESI-MS [9].
• Removal of the Fmoc-group is followed by acylation with a succinic anhydride to introduce the final diversity elements [10].

Biological context of HSDB 792

• A hapten was first prepared by reduction of (R)- or (R,S)-Mtd with sodium borohydride, followed by esterification with succinic anhydride [11].
• After hydrolysis of the initially grafted succinic anhydride groups, the carboxylic PET surfaces were modified by coupling reactions in organic and aqueous solutions [12].
• There was a general consistency in cross-reactivity of anti-cis-hexahydrophthalic anhydride IgG1 versus GP serum albumin conjugates of trans-hexahydrophthalic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and succinic anhydride as shown by ELISA-inhibition, PCA, and airway provocation tests [13].
• The surface of the enzyme was chemically modified under controlled conditions: chemical amination of the protein surface of carboxylic groups (using soluble carbodiimide and ethylendiamine) and chemical succinylation (using succinic anhydride) of amino groups [14].
• Curing kinetics of o-cresol formaldehyde epoxy resin and succinic anhydride system catalyzed by tertiary amine [15].

Anatomical context of HSDB 792

• Bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (BESOD) has been extensively succinylated with succinic anhydride [16].
• When succinic anhydride was added to these membranes, it virtually eliminated VDAC's voltage-dependence and changed its selectivity from anion to cation [17].
• In the accompanying paper, succinic anhydride was shown to react with the outer mitochondrial membrane channel-forming protein, VDAC, resulting in the loss of its voltage dependence [18].
• Ribosome-free membranes, prepared from rat liver endoplasmic reticulum by means of 2M LiCl, lost 90% of their ability to accept ribosomes for reattachment after exposure to succinic anhydride [19].
• There was essentially no difference in mean shear bond strengths to dentin when a succinic anhydride modified HEMA dentin conditioner was used with aggressive (dry technique) or gentle air drying (wet technique) [29.56 versus 29.08 MPa] [20].

Associations of HSDB 792 with other chemical compounds

• Derivatization of the positively charged lysines in M protein with acetic anhydride or succinic anhydride prevented M protein reconstitution but did not affect the biological property of M protein to inhibit in vitro VSV transcription [21].
• Elimination of the electrostatic driving force, carried out either by deprotonation of lysine amino groups at high pH, or by their neutralization with succinic anhydride and acetic anhydride, or by ionic screening at high ionic strength, always lowered the kinetic rate constant to a value of approx. 3 x 10(8) M-1.s-1 [22].
• A minute amount (0.446 micromol) of cholesterol (Chol) was converted into an hemisuccinate derivative (Chol HS) using an excess of succinic anhydride [23].
• BACKGROUND: Reaction of epsilon-amino groups of lysine with potassium cyanate, maleic, or succinic anhydride leads to allergoids of low molecular weight [24].
• The behavior of VDAC is affected by treatment with succinic anhydride or the polyanion, polymethacrylate, maleate, styrene (1:2:3) [25].

Gene context of HSDB 792

• Yeast hexokinase A (ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC2.7.1.1) dissociates into its subunits upon reaction with succinic anhydride [26].
• We succeeded, by using an original approach based upon immunization with ACTH derivatized with succinic anhydride, in raising monoclonal antibodies against this poorly immunogenic peptide [27].
• Succinylated derivatives of the regulatory subunit of aspartate transcarbamylase of Escherichia coli were prepared by treating the intact enzyme with succinic anhydride followed by dissociation of the modified protein into catalytic and regulatory subunits which were separated by ion exchange chromatography [28].
• Alanine aminotransferase has been stabilized by using chemical modification with both bis(imidates) (of varying length) and succinic anhydride [29].
• The optimal conditions for synthesis of Chol HS were explored by checkerboard experiments in which various succinic anhydride/Chol molar ratios ranging from 5:1 to 30:1 were assayed over a wide temperature range (50-85 degrees C) and for various incubation times (3-8 h) [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of HSDB 792

• The isolation procedure, which results in a 20,000-fold purification and an overall yield of 15%, employs chromatography on a gel of octyl succinic anhydride coupled to agarose by diaminohexane spacers, isoelectric focusing, Sephadex G-75 chromatography, and DNA agarose affinity chromatography [30].
• The data reported in the present study show that after treatment by phthalic or succinic anhydride the adjuvant activity of WSA was markedly changed, since high levels of circulating antibodies were produced when these derivatives were administered with an antigen in an aqueous medium [31].
• Subunits observed to be most accessible or reactive to succinic anhydride were core protein II, the iron-sulfur protein, and polypeptides of SDS-PAGE bands 7,8, and 9 [32].
• Arrays were blocked with either succinic anhydride (SA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) or left unblocked prior to hybridization with labeled PCR product [33].

References