Disease relevance of ARFRP1

• ARP-1 is a ubiquitous orphan nuclear receptor that binds to a site (site A) in the apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) liver-specific enhancer and represses its transcriptional activity in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells [1].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: PCDGF functions and signaling pathways in dexamethasone-induced apoptosis were studied using a representative dexamethasone-sensitive multiple myeloma cell line ARP-1 [2].
• Human APOBEC3G (hA3G) is a member of the APOBEC-1 related protein (ARP) family of cytidine deaminases. hA3G functions as a natural defense against endogenous retrotransposons and a multitude of retroviruses, most notably human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) [3].

Psychiatry related information on ARFRP1

• CONCLUSION: Nigerian college students with ARP are significantly more at risk of depressive disorders than those without ARP [4].
• Compared with total abstainers, major depressive disorder is significantly more likely to be associated with diagnosis of alcohol dependence (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.42-6.96), alcohol abuse (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.38-3.72) and hazardous use (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.12-2.38), but less associated with alcohol users without ARP (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.69-1.25) [4].
• ARP were found to be associated with personality disorder and misuse of other substances [5].

High impact information on ARFRP1

• These observations suggest that the ARF-related protein ARD1 may play a role in the formation or function of lysosomes and in protein trafficking between Golgi and lysosomes [6].
• Physiologically relevant ARP26)levels promoted AChE gene expression and induced the expansion of cultured CD34+ progenitors and granulocyte maturation more effectively than cortisol, suggesting autoregulatory prolongation of ARP effects [7].
• The function of ARFRP1 is unknown, but mammalian ARL1 has recently been found to interact with a number of effectors including the GRIP domain that is present in a family of Golgi-localized long coiled-coil proteins [8].
• Similarly, full-length [35S]mSec7-1/cytohesin was specifically adsorbed to glutathione-Sepharose loaded with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-ARP-Q79L, GST-ARP, or GST-ARP-T31N, the latter exhibiting the lowest binding affinity [9].
• ADP-ribosylation factor-related protein (ARP) is a membrane-associated GTPase with remote similarity to the family of ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF) [9].

Biological context of ARFRP1

• The proximal 5'-flanking regions of mouse and human ARFRP1 lack a TATA box and a CAAT box, are highly GC-rich and contain potential transcription factor binding sites [10].
• We conclude that ARP-1 possesses intrinsic transcription activation potential which is modulated, at least in part, by the intracellular balance of other nuclear receptors that also bind to its cognate DNA binding site [1].
• Transcriptional activation by the orphan nuclear receptor ARP-1 [1].
• Eighty-one nurses (62 belonging to the Red Cross School of Bologna and 19 to the Professional Nursing School of San Marino), had previously been given an information package on ARP (Group A) [11].
• ACORN with the automatic model-building program ARP/wARP and refinement program REFMAC is a suitable combination for the high throughput structural genomics [12].

Anatomical context of ARFRP1

• This element binds to two members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors produced in enterocytes and Caco-2 cells: hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4) and apolipoprotein regulatory protein-1 (ARP-1) [13].
• In in vitro transcription assays, Hela cell nuclear extracts which contain ARP-1 had no effect on transcription from a basal promoter linked to multiple copies of site A [1].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the effects of stress, cortisol, antisense oligonucleotides to AChE, and synthetic ARP on peripheral blood cell composition and clonogenic progenitor status in mice under normal and stress conditions, and on purified CD34 cells of human origin [14].
• Ex vivo, ARP was more effective than cortisol and equally as effective as stem cell factor in promoting expansion and differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells into myeloid and megakaryocyte lineages [14].

Associations of ARFRP1 with chemical compounds

• All eight cysteine residues in ARP form disulfide bonds (C12:C24, C23:C293, C43:C129 and C257:C322) [15].
• The orientation of the imidazole ring of the distal histidine residue relative to the heme group in ARP differs significantly from that in LiP [15].
• Such a variant has been observed in Torpedo and in mammals; its C-terminal r peptide, also called "AChE Related Peptide" (ARP), is poorly conserved between rodents and humans [16].
• 50% of those with ARP consumed (an)other substance/s, while 12.0% of those patients without ARP consumed (an)other substance/s (chi2 = l2.48; df=1; p < 0.001) [5].

Other interactions of ARFRP1

• Interestingly, sequence analysis of human ARFRP1 showed its 5'-flanking region contains the first exon of another gene (DJ583P15.3 in the ensembl data base; www.ensembl.org) on the opposite strand [10].
• Forty-four adult COPD patients were prospectively entered into this study; they were suspected of having ARF related to PE on the basis of clinical and biological data on admission [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ARFRP1

• ARP and ARP-Q79L (GTPase-negative ARP) exhibited a higher affinity to mSec7-1-(1-200) than ARP-T31N (nucleotide exchange-defective ARP) in the two-hybrid assay [9].
• Co-immunoprecipitation assays using ARP-1-selective antibodies revealed specific physical interactions between ARP-1 and the basal transcription factor TFIIB [1].
• We employed in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical staining to monitor gene expression, and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), primary liquid cultures, and clonogenic progenitor assays to correlate AChE-R and ARP with proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors [14].
• METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of students (n=2658) in six colleges in Osun state, Western Nigeria. The students were independently assessed for ARP and MDD with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) [4].

References