Disease relevance of Personality Disorders

• A composite of preliminary reports cited in literature pertinent to the potential of fluoxetine in treatment of abusing injurious behavior, dysthymic disorder, fibrositis, postanoxicaction myoclonus, pathologic jealously, personality disorder, pseudobulbar affect, and social phobia were also reviewed [1].
• SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The personalities of 15 adult (age range, 20-53 years) patients with DM with no, or minimal, muscle weakness were studied by means of the International Personality Disorder Examination [2].
• Plasma cortisol, prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) responses to intravenous morphine (0.1 mg/kg body weight) were investigated in five healthy women and 22 female psychiatric inpatients (eight with major depression, 12 with schizophrenia and two with personality disorders) during a 120 min period [3].
• SCID II interviews and the SCID Screen questionnaire as diagnostic tools for personality disorders in DSM-III-R [4].
• In contrast, men with impulsive (cluster B) and anxious (cluster C) personality disorders seem often to have abdominal obesity only in combination with a blunted dexamethasone suppression test, suggesting a HPA axis disturbance [5].

Psychiatry related information on Personality Disorders

• We used the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders to diagnose DSM-III personality disorders systematically in 55 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in the active-treatment cell of a controlled trial of clomipramine hydrochloride [6].
• According to ICD 10 diagnostic criteria, 28 patients had Alzheimer dementia (demented: diagnostic group 1), and 13 had organic personality disorders or mild cognitive impairment not attributable to dementia (nondemented: diagnostic group 2) [7].
• Substance dependence was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, and the patients were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders, Alcohol Use Inventory, MMPI, Health and Daily Living Form, Shipley Institute of Living Scale, and measures of chemical use and life satisfaction [8].
• Dexamethasone suppression test findings in subjects with personality disorders: associations with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression [9].
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial functioning in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and patients with major depressive disorder and no personality disorder [10].

High impact information on Personality Disorders

• CONCLUSION: Personality disorders may represent alternative pathways of continuity for major depressive disorder and other Axis I disorders across the child-adult transition [11].
• CONCLUSION: Fluoxetine treatment has an antiaggressive effect on impulsive aggressive individuals with DSM-III-R personality disorder [12].
• This may represent another abnormality in 5-HT function in individuals with personality disorder and aggressive behavior [13].
• Impulsive aggression in personality disorder correlates with tritiated paroxetine binding in the platelet [13].
• OBJECTIVES: We sought to clarify the familial relationship between five putative schizophrenia-related personality disorders (schizotypal [SPD], paranoid, schizoid, avoidant, and borderline) and schizophrenia, other nonaffective psychoses, and affective illness [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Personality Disorders

• Reduced prolactin responses to fenfluramine were correlated with history of suicide attempt in all patients but with clinician and self-reported ratings of impulsive aggression in patients with personality disorder only; there was no correlation with depression [15].
• D4 dopamine-receptor (DRD4) alleles and novelty seeking in substance-dependent, personality-disorder, and control subjects [16].
• Compared to the schizophrenic patients in this cohort, the patients with cluster B personality disorders used cocaine in greater quantities and more frequently and began abuse of the drug at an earlier age [17].
• To investigate the effect of PTSD, the authors conducted a 0.5-mg DST, which is more sensitive than the 1.0-mg DST for detection of increased cortisol suppression, in a group of subjects with personality disorders [9].
• METHOD: Subjects with personality disorders (N=52) ingested 0.5 mg of dexamethasone [9].

Biological context of Personality Disorders

• METHODS: Maximal number of platelet tritiated paroxetine binding sites (Bmax) and dissociation constant (Kd) values were measured in patients with personality disorder (n = 24) and healthy volunteers (n = 12) [13].
• METHODS: We assessed the relationship between genotype at the HTR1B locus and both suicide history and impulsive aggression in personality disorders [18].
• In addition to identifying both the phenotype and the associated mutation found by Brunner et al., we also wished to test the hypothesis that mutations elsewhere in the MAO-A gene could cause the low intelligence quotient/personality disorder phenotype associated with low urinary catecholamine degradation products [19].
• Polymorphism in exon 6 of the dopamine D(2) receptor gene (DRD2) is associated with elevated blood pressure and personality disorders in men [20].
• The modern assessment of personality disorders. Part 1: definition and typology of personality disorders [21].

Anatomical context of Personality Disorders

• gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration was determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of acute and chronic schizophrenic patients, in persons with psycho-organic or personality disorders, and in nonpsychiatric controls [22].
• Temporal lobe epilepsy is closely related to personality disorder and the benefits of classical temporal lobectomy on the reduction of seizures and restoration of personality is confirmed [23].

Gene context of Personality Disorders

• Cluster B personality disorders are associated with allelic variation of monoamine oxidase A activity [24].
• The Gly9,Gly9 genotype of the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism was associated with increased rates of obsessive personality disorder symptomatology [25].
• (1996; 1998) of an association between the TPH L allele and impulsive aggression in males with personality disorder, but larger studies are needed [26].
• We examined the children's responses to CRH in relation to maternal characteristics and family environment and found the following: (a) cortisol responses were negatively related to chronic family stress and (b) offspring of depressed mothers with an avoidant personality disorder showed an exaggerated ACTH response [27].
• CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary finding suggests that allelic variability at the HTR1B locus may be associated with the susceptibility to suicide attempts in patients with personality disorders [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Personality Disorders

• A total of 52 individuals with DSM-III-R personality disorders, all medically healthy adult outpatients without concurrent psychiatric medication treatment, underwent serial plasma cortisol, prolactin, and temperature measurements before and after ipsapirone 20 mg oral administration [28].
• Previous reports have stressed the implication of Personality Disorders as predictors of a poorer treatment outcome in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) [29].
• The release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary after infusion of 500 microgram of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was decreased (p < 0.01) in manic patients and increased (p < 0.01) in bipolar depressed patients compared to a control group of patients with personality disorders [30].
• INTRODUCTION: We hypothesized that the probability of personality disorder ('PROB') predicted by the Temperament and Character Inventory ('TCI') would decline after successful pharmacotherapy of depression [31].
• A double-blind study vs. placebo was carried out over a 6-week period in thirty adolescent patients to determine the efficacy and safety of mesoridazine, in the form of 10 mg tablets, in the treatment of symptoms associated with various personality disorders [32].

References