Disease relevance of DWS

• DWS formed 3.5% of our cases of infantile hydrocephalus [1].
• Autopsy findings included intraphepatic biliary atresia, coarctation of the aorta of the infantile type, and the Dandy-Walker syndrome [2].
• The diagnoses included Chiari malformation, Dandy-Walker syndrome, external hydrocephalus, cerebellar tumor, CNS histoplasmosis, and tuberculous meningitis [3].
• In this series, one patient had aqueductal stenosis, four had agenesis of the corpus callosum, two had hydrocephalus, one had cerebral abiotrophy, and one (a 72-year-old man) had no additional defects and no symptoms from his Dandy-Walker syndrome [4].
• Lesions included porencephaly (6 infants), hydranencephaly (1 infant), a quadrigeminal cyst (1 infant), Dandy-Walker syndrome (1 infant), and cavum septi pellucidi and Vergae (9 infants) [5].

Psychiatry related information on DWS

• The MDWS model is an extension of the Duifhuis, Willems, and Sluyter pitch meter (DWS) [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 71, 1568-1580 (1982)] which is a practical implementation of Goldstein's optimum processor theory of pitch perception [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 1496-1516 (1973)] [6].
• The Dandy-Walker syndrome is said to be associated with a high incidence of mental retardation and motor dysfunction leading some to suggest termination of the affected fetus in utero [7].

High impact information on DWS

• Letter: Genesis of Dandy-Walker syndrome [8].
• Finally, additional insight into Mb/aHb function has been gained from studies of genetic diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, cancer, and Dandy Walker syndrome, that afflict the Mb/aHb in humans and have genetic counterparts in mouse [9].
• All these proteins contain several tryptophan-rich repeats designated DWS motifs and internal repeat sequences [10].
• These dimensions were demonstrated to be abnormally increased in posterior fossa arachnoid cysts, Dandy-Walker syndrome, and hydrocephalus [11].
• It was first described in 1969 in French. Isolated cases in the literature have been associated with facial asymmetry, plagiocephaly, and the Dandy-Walker syndrome [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of DWS

• Congenital hydrocephalus mimicking Dandy-Walker syndrome induced by 6-aminonicotinamide injection in pregnant rat [13].

Biological context of DWS

• The incidence of DWS was 1.0 per 100,000 live births per year [1].
• The matrixes included 2 natural water samples [National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 1643e and NIST SRM 1640], 1 fortified standard solution (TMDA-64), 1 fortified water sample (TM-DWS), and 2 seawater samples (CASS-4 and NASS-5) [14].
• Prenatal diagnosis of Dandy-Walker syndrome in early pregnancy presenting with increased nuchal translucency and generalized edema at 13 weeks of gestation [15].
• Data used in this assessment were collected from literature sources and from the Drinking Water Surveillance Program (DWSP) of Ontario. For many common contaminants, there was insufficient environmental exposure (concentration) information in Ontario drinking water and groundwater [16].
• We studied the blink reflex (especially the late components ipsi- and contralateral to stimulation site, R2 and R2') in 17 patients under 6 years of age; 12 with Chiari malformation, 1 with Dandy-Walker syndrome and 4 with brainstem tumor [17].

Anatomical context of DWS

• The Authors report their case material concerning some basic items of the dysraphic pathology of the Posterior Fossa: 22 cases of Dandy Walker syndromes (DWS) and "Arachnoid Cysts" (PFC) [18].
• Five patients with the Dandy-Walker syndrome had dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, and a high position of the tentorium cerebelli [4].
• Dandy-Walker syndrome in consecutive siblings: familial hindbrain malformation [19].
• Poor intellectual development in persons with the Dandy-Walker syndrome is associated with the presence of other central nervous system and systemic abnormalities and not with occipital meningoceles alone [20].
• Besides computerized tomography, pneumoencephalography and metrizamide techniques are recommended to rule out a Dandy-Walker syndrome in doubtful cases, and to obtain information about the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation [21].

Associations of DWS with chemical compounds

• DWS microrheology of a linear polysaccharide [22].
• Spin-echo images in the coronal, axial, and sagittal planes were obtained in two patients with Aicardi's syndrome and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, in one patient with Dandy-Walker syndrome, and in two patients with septooptic dysplasia [23].
• The rare finding of strong periventricular enhancement was observed by means of intraoperative CT cisternography using Iotrolan in a one-month-old boy with Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with occipital cephalocele [24].

Other interactions of DWS

• In all cases, DWS was able to demonstrate the point of gelation as indicated by a rapid increase in particle size, as well as the small decreases in casein micelle radius attributed to the collapse or removal of the hairy kappa-casein layer [25].
• The case of a 16-month-old female infant with bilateral cystic nephroblastomas, Dandy-Walker syndrome, microcephaly, bilateral cataracts, and cerebellar heterotopia is reported [26].
• A partial or complete defect of the cerebellar vermis may occur sporadically or as a component of the Dandy-Walker syndrome, the Dandy-Walker variant, Down's syndrome, or Joubert-syndrome [27].
• Old age presentation of the Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with unilateral sudden sensorineural deafness and vertigo [28].
• Medical problems with increased risk of SS included spina bifida or meningomyelocele, Dandy Walker syndrome, brain tumor, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, impaired vision, mental retardation, and pulmonary disorders [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of DWS

• Dandy-walker syndrome diagnosed in utero by ultrasonography [30].
• Dandy-Walker syndrome studied by computed tomography and pneumoencephalography [31].
• Treatment of the Dandy-Walker syndrome has included placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt alone or in combination with a posterior fossa cystoperitoneal shunt [32].
• The Dandy-Walker syndrome. Relevance to anaesthesia and intensive care [33].
• The differential diagnosis of a posterior fossa fluid collection in the fetus includes an enlarged cisterna magna, Dandy-Walker syndrome, or a posterior fossa cyst, each of which has differing implications for perinatal management [34].

References