Disease relevance of Vertigo

• These transient acute cranial nerve findings in patients with vestibular vertigo support the concept of inflammatory polyneuritis, and preliminary studies indicate that an anti-inflammatory agent such as prednisone may be the preferred treatment [1].
• Because of the potential CNS effects of ifosfamide, we recommended that elderly patients, persons receiving high doses of opiates, and patients susceptible to the syndrome of vertigo, perspiration, and hypotension (without tachycardia) be hospitalized for treatment [2].
• Cranial nerve toxicities, such as myopia, optic neuritis, deafness, vertigo, and tinnitus, have been associated with the use of erythromycin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, colistin, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, isoniazid, and ethambutol [3].
• Two sons have episodes of vertigo and ataxia that are not responsive to acetazolamide [4].
• Tinnitus and vertigo were observed in 10 cases (67%), and mild hearing loss and transient increase of serum bilirubin were observed in six patients (40%) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Vertigo

• Mild to moderate degrees of malaise/fatigue/lethargy, dizziness/vertigo, hyperglycemia, creatinine increase, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, pedal edema, dyspnea, and granulocytopenia were noted [6].
• The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease was 28.8; myelopathy and/or radiculopathy caused by deformity of the spine or disc herniation, 23.9; neuralgia, 11.5; dementia, 10.4; peripheral nerve disturbance, 5.5; epilepsy, 4.4; Parkinson's disease, 2.0; mental retardation, 2.9; brain/spinal tumor, 1.4; headache, 10.8, and vertigo/dizziness, 4 [7].
• BACKGROUND: Diphenidol (Cephadol, Vontrol), an antiemetic agent used in the treatment of vomiting and vertigo, has been reported to cause various adverse effects including drowsiness, hypotension, confusion, hallucination, restlessness, and other antimuscarinic effects [8].
• RESULTS: Latanoprost reduced vertigo/dysequilibrium around 30% (P < 0.05), and improved speech discrimination around 15% (P < 0.05) [9].
• OBJECTIVE: A prospective study conducted at the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, to study the psychological factors in cases of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and to compare them with patients with psychogenic vertigo [10].

High impact information on Vertigo

• Hydroxychloroquine-induced vertigo [11].
• Ondansetron for intractable vertigo complicating acute brainstem disorders [12].
• We report a patient with neurosarcoidosis who developed bilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) of the posterior canals, deafness, and absent responses to conventional caloric and rotational vestibular testing [13].
• This is a review of selected aspects of the history of the vestibular system (J. E. Purkyne, E. Mach, A. Crum-Brown) and of our current understanding of vestibular malfunction in clinical vertigo syndromes [14].
• Amiodarone-induced severe prolonged head-positional vertigo and vomiting [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Vertigo

• Cinnarizine and flunarizine are selective calcium blockers that have been used to treat and prevent vertigo [16].
• Cinnarizine and flunarizine are piperazine derivatives with calcium antagonist and anticonvulsant properties and are used widely in the treatment of vertigo and circulatory disorders [17].
• Treatment with intratympanic injection of gentamicin can be beneficial when vertigo persists despite optimal medical management [18].
• In patients with acute vertigo, transdermal hyoscine and oral meclozine were equally efficacious and both were significantly better than placebo in reducing the number of attacks of vertigo [19].
• Side-effects are typical of those of other tetracyclines, but minocycline has been associated with a high incidence of vertigo in some studies [20].

Biological context of Vertigo

• To investigate the perceived efficacy and safety of cyclandelate when used in general practice, an open multicentre study was performed comprising 2772 patients with symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus or visual disturbances thought to result from cerebrovascular insufficiency [21].
• In 11 patients presenting with palpitations, vertigo, or syncope, the heart rate, the recovery time of the sinus node, the carotid sinus pressure slowing, and the atrioventricular conduction capacity were assessed before and every five minutes up to 30 minutes after intravenous administration of 0.15 mg of clonidine [22].
• We present the case of a woman who experienced four independent episodes of vertigo lasting 36 h each, following four inhalations of salmeterol several months apart [23].
• CONCLUSION: Video-oculography demonstrates a higher occurrence of atypical positional nystagmus in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) [24].
• Dose-dependent effect of betahistine on the vestibulo-ocular reflex: a double-blind, placebo controlled study in patients with paroxysmal vertigo [25].

Anatomical context of Vertigo

• With the advent of modern scientific study of epilepsy initiated by the French in the 18th and 19th centuries, vertigo, not yet associated with disease of the inner ear or vestibular connections, assumed a specific role in the clinical gradation of seizure entities [26].
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder resulting from a malfunction of the semicircular canal [27].
• On the other hand, cinnarizine is a blocker of voltage-gated Ca2+ currents in hair cells and is used as a drug in conditions with vestibular vertigo [28].
• Lesions within the vestibular nuclei and in the root entry zone of cranial nerve VIII represent the most common locations where demyelinating activity can provoke vertigo in patients with MS [29].
• A 40-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who presented with vertigo and nausea, was found to have left vertebral artery occlusion on angiography [30].

Gene context of Vertigo

• Positional vertigo and macroscopic downbeat positioning nystagmus in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) [31].
• Progressive late-onset sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular impairment with vertigo (DFNA9/COCH): longitudinal analyses in a belgian family [32].
• We searched for mutations in the voltage-gated calcium channel gene, CACNA1A, in nine propositi of families with migraine headaches and episodic vertigo inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern [33].
• In 36 patients with posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory infarcts, a triad of vertigo, headache, and gait imbalance predominated at stroke onset [34].
• Immediate sensorineural hearing loss or vertigo can be self-limited if caused by serous labyrinthitis [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Vertigo

• For recurrent vertigo attacks due to Meniere's disease, the titration technique with daily or weekly doses of intratympanic gentamicin until onset of vestibular symptoms, change in vertigo or hearing loss rated best for complete vertigo control [36].
• These symptoms, which included dizziness, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, anorexia, and headache, generally commenced soon after initiation of chemoprophylaxis; the total dosage of minocycline was low [37].
• Because of its frequency in general practice, otosclerosis has a major impact on the differential diagnosis of vertigo and related symptoms [38].
• The patients' symptom of "vertigo with ambulation" decreased 1.5 units more (95% confidence interval [CI] 0 to 3.0) on average on a 10-point scale 2 hours after treatment in the dimenhydrinate group [39].
• Normal tracings ranged from 38.8% (definite epilepsy) to 87.5% (vertigo), and epileptiform EEG from 0 (uncertain epilepsy) to 28.6% (definite epilepsy) [40].

References