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Pltp  -  phospholipid transfer protein

Mus musculus

Synonyms: Bpife, Lipid transfer protein II, OD107, Phospholipid transfer protein
 
 
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Disease relevance of Pltp

 

Psychiatry related information on Pltp

 

High impact information on Pltp

  • In ApoB-transgenic and ApoE-deficient backgrounds, PLTP deficiency resulted in reduced production and levels of BLp and markedly decreased atherosclerosis [1].
  • Apolipoprotein B secretion and atherosclerosis are decreased in mice with phospholipid-transfer protein deficiency [1].
  • Edman degradation of MTPv1 isolated from transfected cells revealed three unique residues; however, recombinant MTP and MTPv1 had an equivalent protein disulfide isomerase association, subcellular localization, triglyceride transfer, phospholipid transfer, response to inhibitors, and ability to support apoB secretion [6].
  • On a chow diet, PLTP-/- mice showed marked decreases in HDL phospholipid (60%), cholesterol (65%), and apo AI (85%), but no significant change in non-HDL lipid or apo B levels, compared with wild-type littermates [7].
  • It has been proposed that the plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) facilitates the transfer of phospholipids and cholesterol from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) into high-density lipoproteins (HDL) [7].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Pltp

 

Biological context of Pltp

 

Anatomical context of Pltp

 

Associations of Pltp with chemical compounds

  • The HDL was found to be protein-rich (primarily apoA-I) and specifically depleted in phosphatidylcholine (PC) (28% in wild-type mice (WT) vs. 15% in Pltp KO mice, P < 0.001) [17].
  • Although in PLTP-deficient mice, the induction of HDL cholesterol as well as HDL particle size increase persisted, the extent of the induction was greatly attenuated [14].
  • The plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is known to mediate transfer of phospholipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to high density lipoprotein (HDL) and plays a critical role in HDL metabolism [14].
  • Overall, we conclude that PLTP deficiency decreases liver vitamin E content, increases hepatic oxidant tone, and substantially enhances ROS-dependent destruction of newly synthesized apoB via a post-ER process [18].
  • To determine whether PLTP regulates lipoprotein vitamin E content in vivo, we measured alpha-tocopherol content and oxidation parameters of lipoproteins from PLTP-deficient mice in wild type, apoE-deficient, low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient, or apoB/cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgenic backgrounds [12].
 

Other interactions of Pltp

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pltp

  • Affymetrix microarray data and Northern blot assays demonstrated that phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) was induced 6-fold when either murine or human macrophages were incubated in the presence of ligands for the liver X receptor (LXR) and the retinoid X receptor [22].
  • More importantly, PLTP mRNA increases in the oviductal epithelia of pregnant, but not pseudo-pregnant mice when assayed by real-time PCR [15].
  • These findings suggest that PLTP activity can modulate the effects of an atherogenic diet on high-density lipoproteins [23].
  • Finally, immunohistochemistry studies reveal that PLTP is highly expressed by macrophages within human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting a potential role for this enzyme in lipid-loaded macrophages [13].
  • OBJECTIVE: Using bone marrow transplantation, we assessed the impact of macrophage-derived phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) on lesion development in hypercholesterolemic mice that expressed either normal levels of mouse apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) or elevated levels of only human apoAI [24].

References

  1. Apolipoprotein B secretion and atherosclerosis are decreased in mice with phospholipid-transfer protein deficiency. Jiang, X.C., Qin, S., Qiao, C., Kawano, K., Lin, M., Skold, A., Xiao, X., Tall, A.R. Nat. Med. (2001) [Pubmed]
  2. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) deficiency reduces brain vitamin E content and increases anxiety in mice. Desrumaux, C., Risold, P.Y., Schroeder, H., Deckert, V., Masson, D., Athias, A., Laplanche, H., Le Guern, N., Blache, D., Jiang, X.C., Tall, A.R., Desor, D., Lagrost, L. FASEB J. (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. Phospholipid-transfer activities in cytosols from lung, isolated alveolar type II cells and alveolar type II cell-derived adenomas. Pool, G.L., Bubacz, D.G., Lumb, R.H., Mason, R.J. Biochem. J. (1983) [Pubmed]
  4. Studies on the turnover of endogenous choline-containing phospholipids of cultured neuroblastoma cells. D'Souza, C.J., Clarke, J.T., Cook, H.W., Spence, M.W. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1983) [Pubmed]
  5. Plasma lipid transfer proteins. Jiang, X.C., Zhou, H.W. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  6. MTP regulated by an alternate promoter is essential for NKT cell development. Dougan, S.K., Rava, P., Hussain, M.M., Blumberg, R.S. J. Exp. Med. (2007) [Pubmed]
  7. Targeted mutation of plasma phospholipid transfer protein gene markedly reduces high-density lipoprotein levels. Jiang, X.C., Bruce, C., Mar, J., Lin, M., Ji, Y., Francone, O.L., Tall, A.R. J. Clin. Invest. (1999) [Pubmed]
  8. Phospholipid transfer protein-mediated incorporation and subcellular distribution of exogenous phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in cultured neuroblastoma cells. D'Souza, C., Clarke, J.T., Cook, H.W., Spence, M.W. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1983) [Pubmed]
  9. Sex differences in atherosclerosis in mice with elevated phospholipid transfer protein activity are related to decreased plasma high density lipoproteins and not to increased production of triglycerides. Lie, J., Moerland, M., van Gent, T., van Haperen, R., Scheek, L., Sadeghi-Niaraki, F., de Crom, R., van Tol, A. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (2006) [Pubmed]
  10. Endothelial lipase is a major genetic determinant for high-density lipoprotein concentration, structure, and metabolism. Ma, K., Cilingiroglu, M., Otvos, J.D., Ballantyne, C.M., Marian, A.J., Chan, L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2003) [Pubmed]
  11. Regulation of murine plasma phospholipid transfer protein activity and mRNA levels by lipopolysaccharide and high cholesterol diet. Jiang, X.C., Bruce, C. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) [Pubmed]
  12. Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency protects circulating lipoproteins from oxidation due to the enhanced accumulation of vitamin E. Jiang, X.C., Tall, A.R., Qin, S., Lin, M., Schneider, M., Lalanne, F., Deckert, V., Desrumaux, C., Athias, A., Witztum, J.L., Lagrost, L. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) [Pubmed]
  13. The phospholipid transfer protein gene is a liver X receptor target expressed by macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. Laffitte, B.A., Joseph, S.B., Chen, M., Castrillo, A., Repa, J., Wilpitz, D., Mangelsdorf, D., Tontonoz, P. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  14. Phospholipid transfer protein is regulated by liver X receptors in vivo. Cao, G., Beyer, T.P., Yang, X.P., Schmidt, R.J., Zhang, Y., Bensch, W.R., Kauffman, R.F., Gao, H., Ryan, T.P., Liang, Y., Eacho, P.I., Jiang, X.C. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) [Pubmed]
  15. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) mRNA expression is stimulated by developing embryos in the oviduct. Lee, K.F., Kwok, K.L., Chung, M.K., Lee, Y.L., Chow, J.F., Yeung, W.S. J. Cell. Biochem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  16. Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency reduces sperm motility and impairs fertility of mouse males. Drouineaud, V., Lagrost, L., Klein, A., Desrumaux, C., Le Guern, N., Athias, A., Ménétrier, F., Moiroux, P., Sagot, P., Jimenez, C., Masson, D., Deckert, V. FASEB J. (2006) [Pubmed]
  17. Phospholipid transfer protein gene knock-out mice have low high density lipoprotein levels, due to hypercatabolism, and accumulate apoA-IV-rich lamellar lipoproteins. Qin, S., Kawano, K., Bruce, C., Lin, M., Bisgaier, C., Tall, A.R., Jiang, X. J. Lipid Res. (2000) [Pubmed]
  18. Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency impairs apolipoprotein-B secretion from hepatocytes by stimulating a proteolytic pathway through a relative deficiency of vitamin E and an increase in intracellular oxidants. Jiang, X.C., Li, Z., Liu, R., Yang, X.P., Pan, M., Lagrost, L., Fisher, E.A., Williams, K.J. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  19. Effect of acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection on lipoprotein metabolism in NIH/S mice. Tiirola, T., Erkkilä, L., Laitinen, K., Leinonen, M., Saikku, P., Bloigu, A., Jauhiainen, M. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. (2002) [Pubmed]
  20. Altered hepatic lipid status and apolipoprotein A-I metabolism in mice lacking phospholipid transfer protein. Siggins, S., Bykov, I., Hermansson, M., Somerharju, P., Lindros, K., Miettinen, T.A., Jauhiainen, M., Olkkonen, V.M., Ehnholm, C. Atherosclerosis (2007) [Pubmed]
  21. Increased atherosclerotic lesions in apoE mice with plasma phospholipid transfer protein overexpression. Yang, X.P., Yan, D., Qiao, C., Liu, R.J., Chen, J.G., Li, J., Schneider, M., Lagrost, L., Xiao, X., Jiang, X.C. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  22. Identification of PLTP as an LXR target gene and apoE as an FXR target gene reveals overlapping targets for the two nuclear receptors. Mak, P.A., Kast-Woelbern, H.R., Anisfeld, A.M., Edwards, P.A. J. Lipid Res. (2002) [Pubmed]
  23. Introduction of the human PLTP transgene suppresses the atherogenic diet-induced increase in plasma phospholipid transfer activity in C57BL/6 mice. Tu, A.Y., Paigen, B., Wolfbauer, G., Cheung, M.C., Kennedy, H., Chen, H., Albers, J.J. Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res. (1999) [Pubmed]
  24. Atheroprotective potential of macrophage-derived phospholipid transfer protein in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice is overcome by apolipoprotein AI overexpression. Valenta, D.T., Ogier, N., Bradshaw, G., Black, A.S., Bonnet, D.J., Lagrost, L., Curtiss, L.K., Desrumaux, C.M. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
 
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