Disease relevance of Dyslipidemias

• Nicotinic acid as therapy for dyslipidemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [1].
• A common pattern of dyslipidemia is elevated levels of plasma triglyceride, borderline high total cholesterol, reduced high-density lipoprotein, and increased apolipoprotein B. This pattern of dyslipidemia frequently is associated with premature coronary heart disease [2].
• Obesity is closely associated with the metabolic syndrome, a combination of disorders including insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension [3].
• Hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia induced by acute inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in the liver [4].
• Liver dysfunction in HNF-1alpha-null mice includes severe hepatic glycogen accumulation and dyslipidemia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Dyslipidemias

• Uremic patients, as well as patients with chronic renal failure, appear to have abnormal renal handling of carnitine leading to dyslipidemia, lethargy, muscular weakness, hypotension, cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias, and recurrent cramps [6].
• Compared to the more desirable profiles of women with Heart Healthy eating patterns, women who had Light Eating, High Fat, or Empty Calorie diets had higher rates of dyslipidemia and smoking and lower levels of physical activity [7].
• Combination therapy using statins and niacin not only safely corrects dyslipidemia, but also yields ASCVD risk reduction significantly in excess of the 30% seen with monotherapy [8].
• Apolipoprotein E (apo E) deficiency (or its abnormalities in humans) is associated with a series of pathological conditions including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and shorter life span [9].

High impact information on Dyslipidemias

• The identification of the nicotinic acid receptor may be useful in the development of new drugs to treat dyslipidemia [10].
• OBJECTIVE--To describe the association between apolipoprotein E alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4), dyslipidemias, and coronary heart disease (CHD) [11].
• Apolipoprotein E alleles, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease. The Framingham Offspring Study [11].
• In this study, gemfibrozil and lovastatin were compared for their effects on the overall lipoprotein profile in 13 men with this type of dyslipidemia [2].
• Despite benefits of statin lipid-lowering therapy in reducing CHD risk in diabetic patients, screening for dyslipidemia in such patients is inadequate, and patients frequently fail to achieve recommended low-density lipoprotein goals [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dyslipidemias

• Compared with individuals in the upper four-fifths of the distribution of Si, subjects with Si in the lowest fifth had higher waist circumference, higher blood pressure, lower VO2max, and lower glucose tolerance and fasting dyslipidemia and dysfibrinolysis [13].
• The enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) regenerates active cortisol from inactive 11-keto forms, and aP2-HSD1 mice with relative transgenic overexpression of this enzyme in fat cells develop visceral obesity with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia [3].
• CONCLUSIONS: Lower levels of endogenous androgens are seen in older diabetic men, and low androgen levels are associated with diabetic dyslipidemia [14].
• The strong correlation of oxLDL with LDL cholesterol and triglycerides indicates that LDL oxidation in IGT is preferentially associated with dyslipidemia [15].
• Overall, these findings further suggest that intestinal overproduction of apoB48 lipoproteins should also be considered as a major contributor to the fasting and postprandial dyslipidemia observed in response to chronic fructose feeding and development of an insulin-resistant state [16].
• Treatment of dyslipidemia starts with a low-fat diet supplemented with water-soluble fiber, plant stanols, and plant sterols, weight control, and exercise [17].

Biological context of Dyslipidemias

• We performed this study of mothers of women with PCOS to test the hypothesis that dyslipidemia is a heritable trait in families of women with PCOS and to investigate the impact of age on reproductive and metabolic phenotypes [18].
• Regulatory effects of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor and fish oils on apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics in insulin-resistant obese male subjects with dyslipidemia [19].
• Our results indicate a role of the SREBF-1 gene in genetic predisposition of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia [20].
• Diabetic patients with DD genotype were also found to have a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (II/ID/DD = 43.1/53.1/65.8%, P < 0.001) and albuminuria (36.0/44.6/50.6%, P = 0.018) and to have higher serum triglyceride levels (II, ID, and DD = 155 +/- 114, 170 +/- 140, and 199 +/- 132 mg/dl, respectively, P < 0.05) [21].
• A metabolic syndrome (MetS) phenotype is characterized by insulin-resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated cardiovascular risk and frequently involves subnormal levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [22].

Anatomical context of Dyslipidemias

• These results lead us to speculate that an important component of the dyslipidemia of IR and type 2 diabetes, chronic high NEFA, may contribute to cellular alterations that cause changes of the arterial intima extracellular matrix [23].
• Mice that express a dominant-negative IGF-1 receptor, specifically in skeletal muscle (MKR mice), exhibit severe insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hyper-glycemia [24].
• Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity is decreased in patients with poorly controlled diabetes, and this contributes to the dyslipidemia of diabetes [25].
• LSN862 is a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha/gamma dual agonist with a unique in vitro profile that shows improvements on glucose and lipid levels in rodent models of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia [26].
• Consequently, new organic inhibitors of CETP are under development and present a potent tool for elevation of HDL in dyslipidemias involving low HDL levels and premature coronary artery disease, such as the dyslipidemia of type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome [27].

Gene context of Dyslipidemias

• USF1 and dyslipidemias: converging evidence for a functional intronic variant [28].
• More potent synthetic PPAR ligands, including the fibrates and thiazolidinediones, have proven effective in the treatment of dyslipidemia and diabetes [29].
• Autoantibodies to lipoprotein lipase and dyslipidemia in systemic lupus erythematosus [30].
• Based on the linkage and apparent transcriptional function of ZNF202, we propose that ZNF202 is a candidate susceptibility gene for human dyslipidemia [31].
• Polymorphisms in the fatty acid-binding protein 2 and apolipoprotein C-III genes are associated with the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in a South Indian population [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dyslipidemias

• Cholesterol and lipid disturbances in renal disease: the natural history of uremic dyslipidemia and the impact of hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [33].
• METHODS: Rest and stress SPECT MPI and lipids were assessed serially in 25 patients (36% women) with CAD and dyslipidemia during the first six months of pravastatin therapy [34].
• A potentially suitable animal model for human diabetic dyslipidemia is the pig, because it carries a large fraction of total cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), similar to humans [35].
• Markers of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were determined from oral glucose tolerance tests and fasted lipid and lipoprotein measurements, respectively [36].
• With each addition of 1 of the 4 components of the metabolic syndrome, elevated waist/hip ratio, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, the risk of steatosis increased exponentially from 1- to 99-fold (P < 0.001) [37].

References