Disease relevance of Cav2

• Pseudomonas invasion of type I pneumocytes is dependent on the expression and phosphorylation of caveolin-2 [1].
• Immunoblot analysis revealed that particulate fractions from rat C6 glioma cells express caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 [2].
• As a model system, we chose caveolin-1alpha and caveolin-2, two major components of endothelial caveolae, and examined their interaction in the endothelium of vessels in fixed tissues of laboratory animals and human glomus tumors [3].
• Two of these genes have been already related to obesity (adiponectin and caveolin-2) while the others are known to participate in metabolic, signalling or transcription regulation pathways that can be relevant in energy (lipid and/or carbohydrate) metabolism [4].

High impact information on Cav2

• In addition, the lipid raft-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-2 appeared to be a critical regulator of P. aeruginosa invasion [1].
• Moreover, P-gp interacts with caveolin-1 and caveolin-2; together, they form a high molecular mass complex [5].
• Although caveolin-2 might be expected to interact in an fashion analogous to that of caveolin-3, it generally has not been detected in cardiomyocytes [6].
• In neonatal cardiac cultures, caveolin-2 and -3 expression is not influenced by thyroid hormone (a postnatal regulator of other cardiac gene products) [6].
• The regulatory function of caveolin-2 in cell cycle regulation by insulin was investigated in human insulin receptor-overexpressed rat 1 fibroblast (Hirc-B) cells [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cav2

• Light-density, Triton X-100-insoluble caveolin-1- and caveolin-2-enriched fractions were obtained after fractionation of rat C6 glioma cells and their separation over 5-40% discontinuous sucrose-density gradients [2].

Biological context of Cav2

• Caveolin-2 is a structurally related isoform that alone does not drive caveolae biogenesis; rather, caveolin-2 cooperates with caveolin-1 to form caveolae in nonmuscle cells [6].
• There is evidence that caveolin-2 and -3 are upregulated during growth and development of articular cartilage, suggesting a role for caveolins in chondrocyte differentiation [8].
• We have also analyzed caveolin-1 gene expression and found that follows the opposite pattern of caveolin-2, indicating that they are inversely regulated [9].

Anatomical context of Cav2

• This study shows that caveolin-2 and caveolin-3 are detected at low levels in ventricular myocardium and increase dramatically with age or when neonatal cardiomyocytes are placed in culture [6].
• In EAE lesions, the immunoreactivity of caveolin-1 was increased in the ependymal cells, some astrocytes, and some inflammatory cells of the spinal cord, while that of caveolin-2 showed an intense immunoreactivity [10].
• Effects of amlodipine on unitary non-L-type high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels (Cav2 channels) were investigated in cell-attached patches of nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells [11].
• Immunohistochemistry showed that caveolin-1 was mainly localized to caveolae in contractile cells and partly shifted to Golgi-associated vesicles in synthetic cells, whereas caveolin-2 chiefly appeared in cytoplasmic vesicles in both cases [12].
• Caveolin-2 regulation of the cell cycle in response to insulin in Hirc-B fibroblast cells [7].

Associations of Cav2 with chemical compounds

• Western blot and real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrate that caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 are up-regulated during the late stages of the differentiation of C6 cells [13].
• As bath application of amlodipine was ineffective to modify Cav2 channels in the sealed patch, we analyzed the channel activity when giga-seal formation was obtained in the presence of amlodipine (10 microM both in the pipette and bath solution) [11].
• Cav2 channels, mainly composed of N-type channel in our experimental condition, were defined in this study as high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels obtained after selection of patches without L-type channel "mode 2" activity in the presence of 1 microM BayK8644, or L-type channel block by 5 microM nifedipine [11].
• As shown by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting, bleomycin-treatment of R3/1 cells resulted in a decrease in mRNA and protein for both caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 in comparison with controls [14].

Other interactions of Cav2

• Caveolae-associated proteins in cardiomyocytes: caveolin-2 expression and interactions with caveolin-3 [6].
• After Northern blot validation of the results, only three genes appeared upregulated (caveolin-2, the alpha-1 chain of haemoglobin and rat mammary tumor-7) and two downregulated (adiponectin and dystroglycan) [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cav2

• Immunoblotting, conventional RT-PCR, and real-time RT-PCR analysis established the expression of the caveolin-3 isoform in C6 cells, in addition to caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 [13].

References