Disease relevance of Animals, Laboratory

• In the light of recent evidence that the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin induces satiety and reduces food intake in laboratory animals and humans, we investigated the hypothesis that abnormalities in cholecystokinin secretion and satiety may occur in patients with bulimia and contribute to their disturbed eating patterns [1].
• Short-term toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in laboratory animals: effects, mechanisms, and animal models [2].
• Several regions identified in myelin basic protein and P2 protein can be related to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis or neuritis in laboratory animals [3].
• Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease that can be induced in laboratory animals by immunization with the major myelin proteins, myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) [4].
• BACKGROUND: Radon at sufficiently high concentrations is known to cause lung cancer among underground miners and in experimental laboratory animals [5].

Psychiatry related information on Animals, Laboratory

• Methadone usually is taken orally for drug abuse treatment in humans but oral methadone self-administration by laboratory animals has not been investigated extensively [6].
• Based on these findings, the present study evaluated the ability of a class of drugs known as the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to reduce voluntary alcohol drinking in laboratory animals [7].
• Some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been reported to alter locomotor activity and decrease brain dopamine function in laboratory animals [8].
• Results show that general activity evaluated through the open-field method might be used as a simple, non-drastic and reliable procedure to detect ethanol withdrawal symptoms in laboratory animals [9].
• Studies in laboratory animals also suggest that persistent changes in the CRF system may be reversed by antidepressants or surrogate parenting, which underscores the urgent need for primary and secondary prevention studies in children who are living in adverse or dangerous environments [10].

High impact information on Animals, Laboratory

• In laboratory animals, the consumption of soy protein, rather than animal protein, decreases serum cholesterol concentrations, but studies in humans have been inconclusive [11].
• Recombinant erythropoietin increases the number of reticulocytes containing fetal hemoglobin in laboratory animals and in humans [12].
• Laboratory animals immunized with P1 spontaneously develop idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies recognizing peripherin and lamin B, respectively [13].
• Choline is the physiologic precursor of acetylcholine, and its administration elevates brain acetylcholine levels in laboratory animals and, possibly, in human beings [14].
• No mutations at the Hprt locus leading to loss of activity have been described in laboratory animals [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Animals, Laboratory

• Acyclovir is a new antiviral agent which is highly active against herpesviruses in vitro and in laboratory animals [16].
• The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent pulmonary carcinogen in laboratory animals and is most likely involved in the etiology of tobacco smoke-induced lung cancer [17].
• A synthetic polypeptide, copolymer I (COP I), composed of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, and tyrosine, has been demonstrated to be nonencephalitogenic and nontoxic in laboratory animals, yet it is capable of suppressing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis [18].
• The acute toxicity of PBB in laboratory animals is low, but a variety of subacute effects have been reported [19].
• Treatment of hypertension with isradipine reduces infarct size following stroke in laboratory animals [20].

Biological context of Animals, Laboratory

• Experimental evidence shows testicular dysfunction and impaired spermatogenesis in laboratory animals exposed to phenoxy herbicides, dioxin, or tetracycline, and antibiotic used extensively in military working dogs in Vietnam [21].
• 179 people working with small laboratory animals were studied by questionnaire, lung-function tests, skin tests with common allergen extracts and extracts of the serum and urine of five animal species, and serology [22].
• A derivative of triphenylethylene, clomiphene, has some partial agonist (estrogen-like) actions in laboratory animals and following clinical evaluation is now an established agent for the induction of ovulation in subfertile women [23].
• Insulin resistance can be induced by high-fat feeding in laboratory animals; therefore, high-fat diets may increase risks for developing NIDDM [24].
• In patients allergic to several laboratory animals and treated with one allergen, the blocking antibody response was predominantly specific to the allergen used in immunotherapy [25].

Anatomical context of Animals, Laboratory

• Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a natural protein, stored within the neutrophil granules, that binds to and neutralises the effects of endotoxin in vitro, in laboratory animals, and in humans [26].
• In addition to the acute effects of MDMA, it is now well established that repeated or high-dose administration of MDMA is neurotoxic to a subpopulation of 5HT-containing axons that project to the forebrain in laboratory animals [27].
• These concentrations are approximately 10-30% of the concentrations of Ah receptor found in lung cytosols from laboratory animals [28].
• Naproxen, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor which is an effective antiinflammatory agent in laboratory animals and humans, was evaluated as an inhibitor of connective tissue destruction in this model by use of radiologic and histopathologic analyses [29].
• Prostaglandin (PG) E2 binding to fat cells and its consequent antilipolytic effect have been studied in experiments using laboratory animals, but no binding studies have yet been reported using adipocytes from humans [30].

Associations of Animals, Laboratory with chemical compounds

• Perilla ketone, from the essential oil of Perilla frutescens, is a potent pulmonary edemagenic agent for laboratory animals and livestock [31].
• In laboratory animals, repeated administration of drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, morphine or alcohol, causes sensitization (reverse tolerance) to their stimulant and rewarding effects [32].
• Because self-administration behavior has been demonstrated in laboratory animals for almost all other psychoactive drugs abused by humans, as well as for nicotine, the psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, these studies would seem to indicate that marijuana has less potential for abuse [33].
• Formaldehyde vapor induces cancer of the nasal passages in laboratory animals [34].
• Conversely, it is also known that folate is necessary for cancer growth, but few experiments in laboratory animals have evaluated the effects of folate deficiency on the development of chemically induced cancers [35].

Gene context of Animals, Laboratory

• Here we review the hormone- and cytokine-activated signaling pathways in which STAT5 participates and the extensive evidence, from laboratory animals, that these factors are required for sex-specific aspects of development, including control of body size [36].
• Our experiments demonstrate that human placenta contains a high concentration of Ah receptor and suggest that AHH induction in placenta is mediated through a receptor mechanism analogous to that previously established in tissues and cells from laboratory animals [37].
• Evidence obtained from laboratory animals and primates is reviewed which indicates that CRF not only stimulates the pituitary-adrenal axis but also influences several aspects of CNS function which may be of relevance to psychiatric illness [38].
• We now know almost everything about HHM in pathophysiological terms, and we can reproduce the cardinal features of the syndrome in laboratory animals and humans [39].
• Specific changes in circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and various IGF-binding proteins are known to occur in insulin-dependent diabetic patients and laboratory animals [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Animals, Laboratory

• We concluded that the methacholine response is relatively stable during the course of a year in laboratory animal workers who remain at their jobs and that the presence of a positive skin test response to laboratory animals or of chest symptoms does not change the pattern of stable responsiveness [41].
• Based on studies in laboratory animals and on measurements of the urinary metabolites (allo)tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone in human volunteers it has been claimed that liquorice-induced mineralocorticoid excess is caused by a unique defect in the conversion of cortisol to cortisone [42].
• We also measured plasma DOPA in laboratory animals during anesthesia, after adrenalectomy, or after administration of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, which competitively inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, the intraneuronal enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis [43].
• CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with observations in laboratory animals, which have demonstrated elevated levels of DeltaFosB in striatum after denervation of the midbrain dopamine system, and confirm that similar adaptations in DeltaFosB and RGS9 occur in humans with Parkinson's disease [44].
• We have previously adapted Kety's tissue autoradiographic method for measuring regional CBF in laboratory animals to the measurement of CBF in humans with positron emission tomography (PET) and H2(15)O [45].

References