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Gene Review

fnbA  -  fibronectin-binding protein

Staphylococcus aureus RF122

 
 
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Disease relevance of fnbA

 

High impact information on fnbA

 

Chemical compound and disease context of fnbA

 

Biological context of fnbA

  • The introduction of sar on a multicopy plasmid increased the already enhanced fnbA transcription of the agr mutant [10].
  • Wild-type fnbA and fnbB genes cloned seperately on a multicopy plasmid were each able to restore fully the adhesion-defective phenotype of the 8325-4 fnbAfnbB mutant [15].
  • Moreover, they identified fnbA as a critical virulence factor of equivalent importance [2].
  • The complete amino acid sequence encoded by fnbB has been deduced and compared to that deduced from fnbA [16].
  • Molecular characterization of CA-MRSA was performed with PCR, including staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec), pvl (lukS-PV plus lukF-PV), hla, hlb and selected microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecule genes, ie, cna, clfA, fnbA and fnbB [17].
 

Anatomical context of fnbA

  • The sae mutant showed a significantly reduced rate of invasion of human endothelial cells, consistent with diminished transcription and expression of fnbA [18].
  • Our studies suggest that MRSA colonization and infection of the urinary tract may be promoted by hla, hlb, and fnbA gene products [19].
  • The average number of bacteria recovered from the mammary glands inoculated with S. aureus opsonized with FnBP-antiserum was significantly lower (up to 10(7) cfu/ml) than the average number of bacteria recovered after inoculation with non-opsonized bacteria (up to 10(10) cfu/ml) [20].
  • These results indicate that fibronectin shows an opsonic effect on the S. aureus, Cowan I strain but not on CNS strains, and suggest that the binding of fibronectin to FnBP is not sufficient for efficient phagocytosis of the staphylococci strains by macrophages [21].
  • A recombinant fragment of the fibronectin-binding protein of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits keratinocyte migration [22].
 

Associations of fnbA with chemical compounds

  • A DNA fragment encoding tetracycline resistance was inserted into fnbA and a fragment encoding erythromycin resistance was inserted into fnbB [15].
  • One-quarter of the MIC of ciprofloxacin significantly increased fnbB, but not fnbA, promoter activity of the fluoroquinolone-resistant mutant but not its fluoroquinolone-susceptible parent ISP794 [23].
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: Northern slot blot analysis showed that mRNA expression of fnbA, fnbB, coa, emp and eap, coding for adhesins, was increased in the presence of 0.5 x MIC of florfenicol [24].
  • The fibronectin-binding protein was released from fibronectin-Sepharose by carbamide (8 M) [25].
  • In contrast to earlier reports, however, we found that subinhibitory clindamycin stimulates synthesis of coagulase and fibronectin binding protein B, also at the level of transcription. agr and sar expression was minimally affected by subinhibitory clindamycin [26].
 

Regulatory relationships of fnbA

  • In contrast, clfA-expressing and fnbA-expressing lactococci required only 10(5) CFU to infect the majority of the animals (P < 0.00005) [2].
  • Although sarA up-regulated and agr down-regulated both fnbA expression and fibronectin binding in vitro and in vivo, fnbA expression was positively regulated in the absence of both global regulators [1].
 

Other interactions of fnbA

  • By using three sets of 48 MRSA strains comprising isolates that were (i) genetically highly diverse, (ii) genetically related, and (iii) obtained from long-term carriers, we analyzed the performance of the four highly polymorphic S. aureus markers: clfA, clfB, fnbA, and spa [27].
  • Taken together, the present observations suggest that if antiadhesin therapy were to be developed, at least both of the clfA and fnbA products should be blocked for the therapy to be effective [2].
  • Using Southern blot analysis of SmaI-digested genomic DNA resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the adhesion genes were mapped to SmaI fragments A (ebpS), B (fib and clfA), C (fnbA/fnbB), E (fbpA), F (map) and G (cna) [28].
  • These DNA fragments bound SarA with affinities comparable to those of recognized SarA-regulated genes, including cna, fnbA, and sspA [29].
  • Inhibition of sortase-mediated Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to fibronectin via fibronectin-binding protein by sortase inhibitors [30].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of fnbA

  • Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed specific binding of purified S. aureus SOS-repressor LexA to recA and fnbB, but not to fnbA or rpoB promoters [8].
  • The same regulatory pattern was observed in Northern blot analysis using fnbA-specific probes [10].
  • Fingerprints were established by Southern blotting with HaeIII-digested genomic DNA and a probe mixture consisting of DNA fragments corresponding to the S. aureus collagen adhesin (cna), fibronectin-binding protein (fnbA and fnbB), and beta-toxin (hlb) genes [31].
  • PCR and Southern hybridization analysis with primers and probes, respectively, for the fnbA and fnbB genes of strains 8325-4 showed that strain 879R4SSp possesses a single fnb gene which is homologous to fnbA [32].
  • Northern slot blot experiments confirmed that the amount of coa- and fnbB-specific mRNA, in contrast to that of fnbA-specific mRNA, was increased 2-fold after treatment of S. aureus Newman with 1/2 MIC of Cli [33].

References

  1. Impacts of sarA and agr in Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman on fibronectin-binding protein A gene expression and fibronectin adherence capacity in vitro and in experimental infective endocarditis. Xiong, Y.Q., Bayer, A.S., Yeaman, M.R., Van Wamel, W., Manna, A.C., Cheung, A.L. Infect. Immun. (2004) [Pubmed]
  2. Reassessing the role of Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor and fibronectin-binding protein by expression in Lactococcus lactis. Que, Y.A., François, P., Haefliger, J.A., Entenza, J.M., Vaudaux, P., Moreillon, P. Infect. Immun. (2001) [Pubmed]
  3. Borrelia burgdorferi binds fibronectin through a tandem beta-zipper, a common mechanism of fibronectin binding in staphylococci, streptococci, and spirochetes. Raibaud, S., Schwarz-Linek, U., Kim, J.H., Jenkins, H.T., Baines, E.R., Gurusiddappa, S., Höök, M., Potts, J.R. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  4. Fba, a novel fibronectin-binding protein from Streptococcus pyogenes, promotes bacterial entry into epithelial cells, and the fba gene is positively transcribed under the Mga regulator. Terao, Y., Kawabata, S., Kunitomo, E., Murakami, J., Nakagawa, I., Hamada, S. Mol. Microbiol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  5. Chimeric plant virus particles administered nasally or orally induce systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice. Brennan, F.R., Bellaby, T., Helliwell, S.M., Jones, T.D., Kamstrup, S., Dalsgaard, K., Flock, J.I., Hamilton, W.D. J. Virol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  6. Salicylic acid attenuates virulence in endovascular infections by targeting global regulatory pathways in Staphylococcus aureus. Kupferwasser, L.I., Yeaman, M.R., Nast, C.C., Kupferwasser, D., Xiong, Y.Q., Palma, M., Cheung, A.L., Bayer, A.S. J. Clin. Invest. (2003) [Pubmed]
  7. Nucleotide sequence of the gene for a fibronectin-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus: use of this peptide sequence in the synthesis of biologically active peptides. Signäs, C., Raucci, G., Jönsson, K., Lindgren, P.E., Anantharamaiah, G.M., Höök, M., Lindberg, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1989) [Pubmed]
  8. A recA-LexA-dependent pathway mediates ciprofloxacin-induced fibronectin binding in Staphylococcus aureus. Bisognano, C., Kelley, W.L., Estoppey, T., Francois, P., Schrenzel, J., Li, D., Lew, D.P., Hooper, D.C., Cheung, A.L., Vaudaux, P. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  9. Fibronectin binding protein A of Staphylococcus aureus can mediate human T lymphocyte adhesion and coactivation. Miyamoto, Y.J., Wann, E.R., Fowler, T., Duffield, E., Höök, M., McIntyre, B.W. J. Immunol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  10. Agr-independent regulation of fibronectin-binding protein(s) by the regulatory locus sar in Staphylococcus aureus. Wolz, C., Pöhlmann-Dietze, P., Steinhuber, A., Chien, Y.T., Manna, A., van Wamel, W., Cheung, A. Mol. Microbiol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  11. Fibronectin binding protein and host cell tyrosine kinase are required for internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by epithelial cells. Dziewanowska, K., Patti, J.M., Deobald, C.F., Bayles, K.W., Trumble, W.R., Bohach, G.A. Infect. Immun. (1999) [Pubmed]
  12. Identification of factor XIIIA-reactive glutamine acceptor and lysine donor sites within fibronectin-binding protein (FnbA) from Staphylococcus aureus. Anderson, E.T., Fletcher, L., Severin, A., Murphy, E., Baker, S.M., Matsuka, Y.V. Biochemistry (2004) [Pubmed]
  13. Variance in fibronectin binding and fnb locus polymorphisms in Staphylococcus aureus: identification of antigenic variation in a fibronectin binding protein adhesin of the epidemic CMRSA-1 strain of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Rice, K., Huesca, M., Vaz, D., McGavin, M.J. Infect. Immun. (2001) [Pubmed]
  14. Surface properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from caprine mastitis. Jarp, J., Mamo, W., Johne, B. Acta Vet. Scand. (1989) [Pubmed]
  15. Adhesion properties of mutants of Staphylococcus aureus defective in fibronectin-binding proteins and studies on the expression of fnb genes. Greene, C., McDevitt, D., Francois, P., Vaudaux, P.E., Lew, D.P., Foster, T.J. Mol. Microbiol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  16. Two different genes encode fibronectin binding proteins in Staphylococcus aureus. The complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of the second gene. Jönsson, K., Signäs, C., Müller, H.P., Lindberg, M. Eur. J. Biochem. (1991) [Pubmed]
  17. Emergence of a predominant clone of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus among children in Houston, Texas. Mishaan, A.M., Mason, E.O., Martinez-Aguilar, G., Hammerman, W., Propst, J.J., Lupski, J.R., Stankiewicz, P., Kaplan, S.L., Hulten, K. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2005) [Pubmed]
  18. Molecular architecture of the regulatory Locus sae of Staphylococcus aureus and its impact on expression of virulence factors. Steinhuber, A., Goerke, C., Bayer, M.G., Döring, G., Wolz, C. J. Bacteriol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  19. Biofilm formation among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with urinary tract infection. Ando, E., Monden, K., Mitsuhata, R., Kariyama, R., Kumon, H. Acta Med. Okayama (2004) [Pubmed]
  20. Opsonization of Staphylococcus aureus with a fibronectin-binding protein antiserum induces protection in mice. Mamo, W., Jonsson, P., Müller, H.P. Microb. Pathog. (1995) [Pubmed]
  21. Different effects of fibronectin on the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci by murine peritoneal macrophages. Shinji, H., Sakurada, J., Seki, K., Murai, M., Masuda, S. Microbiol. Immunol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  22. A recombinant fragment of the fibronectin-binding protein of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits keratinocyte migration. Kintarak, S., Nair, S.P., Speight, P.M., Whawell, S.A. Arch. Dermatol. Res. (2004) [Pubmed]
  23. Induction of fibronectin-binding proteins and increased adhesion of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by subinhibitory levels of ciprofloxacin. Bisognano, C., Vaudaux, P., Rohner, P., Lew, D.P., Hooper, D.C. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) [Pubmed]
  24. Molecular basis of florfenicol-induced increase in adherence of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman. Blickwede, M., Goethe, R., Wolz, C., Valentin-Weigand, P., Schwarz, S. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2005) [Pubmed]
  25. Isolation of a fibronectin-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus. Espersen, F., Clemmensen, I. Infect. Immun. (1982) [Pubmed]
  26. Subinhibitory clindamycin differentially inhibits transcription of exoprotein genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Herbert, S., Barry, P., Novick, R.P. Infect. Immun. (2001) [Pubmed]
  27. Double-Locus Sequence Typing Using clfB and spa, a Fast and Simple Method for Epidemiological Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Kuhn, G., Francioli, P., Blanc, D.S. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2007) [Pubmed]
  28. Prevalence and chromosomal map location of Staphylococcus aureus adhesin genes. Smeltzer, M.S., Gillaspy, A.F., Pratt, F.L., Thames, M.D., Iandolo, J.J. Gene (1997) [Pubmed]
  29. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus SarA binding sites. Sterba, K.M., Mackintosh, S.G., Blevins, J.S., Hurlburt, B.K., Smeltzer, M.S. J. Bacteriol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  30. Inhibition of sortase-mediated Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to fibronectin via fibronectin-binding protein by sortase inhibitors. Oh, K.B., Oh, M.N., Kim, J.G., Shin, D.S., Shin, J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  31. Comparative evaluation of use of cna, fnbA, fnbB, and hlb for genomic fingerprinting in the epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus aureus. Smeltzer, M.S., Gillaspy, A.F., Pratt, F.L., Thames, M.D. J. Clin. Microbiol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  32. A low-fibronectin-binding mutant of Staphylococcus aureus 879R4S has Tn918 inserted into its single fnb gene. Greene, C., Vaudaux, P.E., Francois, P., Proctor, R.A., McDevitt, D., Foster, T.J. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (1996) [Pubmed]
  33. Influence of clindamycin on the stability of coa and fnbB transcripts and adherence properties of Staphylococcus aureus Newman. Blickwede, M., Wolz, C., Valentin-Weigand, P., Schwarz, S. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2005) [Pubmed]
 
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