Disease relevance of Endocarditis

• Ciprofloxacin in a case of Q fever endocarditis [1].
• Cefazolin and Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis [2].
• Serratia endocarditis in a pediatric burn patient. Cure with cefotaxime [3].
• At 25 years after surgery, the cumulative incidence of infective endocarditis was 1.3% for tetralogy of Fallot, 2.7% for isolated ventricular septal defect, 3.5% for coarctation of the aorta, 13.3% for valvular aortic stenosis, and 2.8% for primum atrial septal defect [4].
• No children with secundum atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, or pulmonic stenosis have had infective endocarditis after surgery [4].

Psychiatry related information on Endocarditis

• OBJECTIVE: To determine the median response time to therapy with vancomycin alone or with vancomycin plus rifampin in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endocarditis [5].
• Factors that correlated with methicillin nephropathy were endocarditis and prolonged treatment, but not intravenous drug abuse [6].
• With use of data from the medical literature, a study generated by the cardiovascular surgical group at the University of Alabama School of Medicine, and a brief cost analysis, a point system was constructed to assist in decision-making concerning surgery in patients with active infective endocarditis [7].
• 28 patients (29 episodes) presenting the triad of intravenous narcotic drug addiction, Staphylococcus aureus septicemia and septic pulmonary embolism were examined for the presence of tricuspid valve endocarditis [8].
• We have reported a case of high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococcal endocarditis as a complication of intravenous narcotic abuse [9].

High impact information on Endocarditis

• Abscesses were more frequent in aortic-valve endocarditis than in infections of other valves, and the infecting organism was more often staphylococcus (52.3 percent of cases) in patients with abscesses than in those without abscesses (16.2 percent) [10].
• JAMA patient page. Endocarditis [11].
• OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone sodium in the treatment of streptococcal endocarditis [12].
• Ceftriaxone sodium therapy of penicillin G-susceptible streptococcal endocarditis [13].
• Short-term therapy for streptococcal infective endocarditis. Combined intramuscular administration of penicillin and streptomycin [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Endocarditis

• Clindamycin in infective endocarditis [15].
• The treatment of endocarditis due to penicillin-susceptible streptococci with high-dose parenteral penicillin or a bactericidal penicillin substitute for four weeks or longer results in bacteriologic cure rates comparable with those achieved with combined penicillin-streptomycin regimens [16].
• Unsuccessful treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis with cefazolin [17].
• In a prospective study, 91 patients with penicillin-sensitive infective endocarditis (IE) were treated for two weeks with intramuscular (IM) penicillin G procaine, 1.2 million units every six hours, plus streptomycin sulfate, 500 mg IM every 12 hours [14].
• Two patients with staphylococcal endocarditis were treated unsuccessfully with cefazolin sodium [17].

Biological context of Endocarditis

• Efficacy of ceftriaxone and gentamicin given once a day by using human-like pharmacokinetics in treatment of experimental staphylococcal endocarditis [18].
• Virulence comparisons were made in a rabbit model of endocarditis between wild-type and transposon mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis deficient in elaboration of the capsular polysaccharide/adhesin (PS/A) and slime [19].
• To overcome this limitation, we have mimicked in rats the amoxicillin kinetics in humans following a 3-g oral dose (as often used for prophylaxis of endocarditis) by delivering the drug through a computerized pump [20].
• However, only 3 of 10 gentamicin-resistant S. epidermidis isolates from colonized cardiac surgery patients and 1 of 2 S. epidermidis isolates from patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis transferred gentamicin resistance by filter mating [21].
• Microbiologic efficacy and left ventricular function, as assessed by echocardiography, were compared in animals administered either oxacillin alone or oxacillin in combination with conventional amikacin or MiKasome in a rabbit model of experimental endocarditis due to S. aureus [22].

Anatomical context of Endocarditis

• Bromide-dependent toxicity of eosinophil peroxidase for endothelium and isolated working rat hearts: a model for eosinophilic endocarditis [23].
• We further modeled eosinophilic endocarditis by instilling EPO into the left ventricles of isolated rat hearts, flushing unbound EPO, then perfusing them with a buffer containing 100 microM Br- and 1 microM H2O2 [23].
• SETTING: An academic tertiary care hospital in Barcelona, Spain. PATIENTS: 90 consecutive intravenous drug users who had isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, had no allergy to study medications, and had no systemic infectious complications that required prolonged therapy [24].
• The cause of MR was ischemia in 24, dilated cardiomyopathy in 34 mitral valve prolapse in 12, endocarditis in 2, rheumatic disease in 2, mitral annular calcification in 1, and uncertain in 5 [25].
• BACKGROUND: The capsular polysaccharide/adhesin (PS/A) antigen of Staphylococcus epidermidis was required to produce endocarditis in a rabbit model in which infection resulted from hematogenous spread of bacteria from a contaminated catheter in the jugular vein [26].

Gene context of Endocarditis

• TIMP2 mRNA was found in three cases of endocarditis [27].
• Signals for MMP9 mRNA were found in two cases with endocarditis and five cases with degenerative valvular disease [27].
• Synthesis of MMP2 mRNA was found in seven valves, five with endocarditis and two with degenerative valvular disease [27].
• TIMP1 mRNA, on the other hand, was found in 17 cases, both endocarditis and degenerative valvular disease [27].
• Persistent TNF amounts were associated with the occurrence of endocarditis in patients with valvulopathy, and that may be a marker of chronic evolution of Q fever [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Endocarditis

• Changes in recommendations about amoxycillin prophylaxis for prevention of endocarditis. British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Endocarditis Working Party [29].
• Reports of three prospective, nonrandomized clinical trials have been published that support the use of a 2-week course of a penicillinase-resistant penicillin and an aminoglycoside antibiotic to treat uncomplicated, exclusively right-sided endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus in injection drug users [30].
• Efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of infection: endocarditis, meningitis, and pneumonia [31].
• The presence of prosthesis (relative risk [RR] 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35 to 2.64) and previous endocarditis (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.7) were the only pre-existing heart conditions associated with perivalvular complications [32].
• OBJECTIVE: We determined pneumonia, endocarditis, hospitalizations and death rates in a group of HIV-infected and non-infected IVDU recruited at low-threshold methadone programmes in Amsterdam, The Netherlands to examine the influence of HIV infection on morbidity and non-AIDS mortality in intravenous drug users (IVDU) without AIDS [33].

References