Disease relevance of SYMPK

• RESULTS: The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was 6.2% (n= 132), with significantly higher rates after SPK (18.1%) vs. KTx (4.5%) (P < 0.001) [1].
• The solitary kidney transplant controls (post-K) showed no significant improvements in diabetic microangiopathy, confirming the unique role of the pancreas in SPK [2].
• By multivariate analysis, risk factors for DVT were: age > 40 years (odds ratio [OR]=2.2, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR=2.0, P=0.002), previous DVT (OR=4.4, P=0.001), and SPK transplant (OR=2.8, P < 0.001) [1].
• Simultaneous kidney-pancreas (SPK) transplantation has become an accepted therapeutic modality for patients with Type I diabetes mellitus-mediated end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [3].
• The LASIK study showed no difference between the two therapies in terms of visual acuity, pupil size, SPK, edema, haze, day- and nighttime glare, halos, clarity of day or night vision, and dry eye symptoms up to 1 week after surgery [4].

Psychiatry related information on SYMPK

• The RBD (SYM) demonstrate less hypomania than the major depressive disorders [5].

High impact information on SYMPK

• Symplekin and multiple other polyadenylation factors participate in 3'-end maturation of histone mRNAs [6].
• Reconstitution experiments reveal that symplekin, previously shown to be necessary for cytoplasmic poly(A) tail elongation and translational activation of mRNAs during Xenopus oocyte maturation, is the essential heat-labile component [6].
• Junctional plaque proteins without known functions include cingulin, p130, and 7H6; single reports describe ZA-1TJ and symplekin [7].
• Symplekin, a novel type of tight junction plaque protein [8].
• We discuss symplekin as a representative of a group of dual residence proteins which occur and probably function in the nucleus as well as in the plaques exclusive for either tight junctions, adherens junctions, or desmosomes [8].

Biological context of SYMPK

• These results indicate that the HSF1-symplekin interaction functions as a mechanism for recruiting polyadenylation factors to HSP genes to enhance the efficiency/kinetics of production of mature Hsp mRNA transcripts to achieve the critical cellular need for rapid HSP expression after stress [9].
• Exon trapping from cosmids mapping to chromosome 19q13.3 yielded 6 exonic sequences that matched the human symplekin gene, which encodes a tight junction-related protein [10].
• Rice SPK, a calmodulin-like domain protein kinase, is required for storage product accumulation during seed development: phosphorylation of sucrose synthase is a possible factor [11].
• As a result of this combined experience, it is not unexpected then that we observe significantly improved graft survival rates in MMF-treated SPK patients compared with patients receiving a more traditional immunosuppressive regimen [12].
• The 5' terminal sequences of both genome RNA species of TRV strains ORY, N5 and PRN together with that of SYM RNA-2 were also determined [13].

Anatomical context of SYMPK

• We demonstrate that ZONAB/DbpA and symplekin form a complex in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells that can be immunoprecipitated and that exists in the nucleus [14].
• Quantitative characterization of the conjunctival microcirculation was performed on 12 patients pre- and 18 months postsimultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) [2].
• SYM 2081 also activated alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor currents in primary cultures of cerebral cortex and, consistent with data obtained by radioligand binding, was approximately 5-fold less potent than kainate (EC50 values of 325 and 70 microM, respectively) in this measure [15].
• SYM 2081 was approximately 800- and 200-fold less potent as an inhibitor of radioligand binding to wild-type (rat forebrain) alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, respectively [15].
• In the cultured urothelium cytokeratin 20 and integrin subunits alpha6 and beta4 were absent, and symplekin was expressed diffusely in all layers [16].

Associations of SYMPK with chemical compounds

• The kainate agonist SYM 2081, was used to confirm the presence of kainate receptors [17].
• The sAT was more sensitive and specific than GAO and as sensitive as creatinine for SPK recipients [18].
• Channels activated by glutamate or SYM 2081 exhibited conductance levels of 2-20 pS [17].
• CONCLUSIONS: CMV disease recurs in roughly one-third of KTx and SPK recipients after treatment of the initial episode with ganciclovir [19].
• CONCLUSIONS: Based on risk and extrapolating from the general surgical literature, our recommendations for prophylaxis against DVT are use of graduated compression stockings for all recipients and, in addition, low-dose heparin for moderate and high-risk recipients (previous DVT, SPK, age > 40 years, DM) [1].

Other interactions of SYMPK

• HSF1-symplekin complexes are detected only after stress treatment, and these two proteins co-localize in punctate nuclear structures in stressed cells [9].
• HSF1 modulation of Hsp70 mRNA polyadenylation via interaction with symplekin [9].
• Our data thus indicate that symplekin and ZONAB/DbpA cooperate in the regulation of transcription, and that they promote epithelial proliferation and cyclin D1 expression [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SYMPK

• METHODS: A retrospective comparison of 358 consecutive primary SPK transplantations performed from 1990 to 1997 was conducted [12].
• BACKGROUND: In simultaneous kidney-pancreas (SPK) transplantation, manifestations of renal allograft rejection typically become evident before those of pancreatic rejection [20].
• CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study demonstrates that MMF is a highly effective immunosuppressant in SPK transplantation [12].
• The serum levels of pre-existent ICAS in diabetic patients undergoing SPK with immunosuppression were not reduced, and they did not interfere with the function of the implanted pancreas over a period of 60 days [21].
• CONCLUSIONS: Eligible IDDM patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy should choose SPK over kidney transplantation alone from either a cadaver or a living source [22].

References