Disease relevance of CD24

• CD24 is a genetic modifier for risk and progression of multiple sclerosis [1].
• We have reported that CD24 is required for the pathogenicity of autoreactive T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the mouse model of MS [1].
• Transfection of human adenocarcinoma cells with CD24 enhanced the P-selectin-dependent binding to activated platelets [2].
• CD24, a signal-transducing molecule expressed on human B cells, is a major surface antigen on small cell lung carcinomas [3].
• Northern blot hybridization indicated the presence of several transcript sizes for the cluster-w4 antigen that were greatly overexpressed in small cell carcinoma cell lines, compared with normal hemopoietic cells and CD24-positive cell lines [3].

High impact information on CD24

• Twenty-six patients in whom aggressive B-cell lymphoproliferative syndrome developed after bone marrow (n = 14) or organ (n = 12) transplantation received 0.2 mg of CD21-specific and of CD24-specific antibodies per kilogram of body weight for 10 consecutive days in an open, prospective, multicenter trial [4].
• All patients had transient neutropenia, apparently because the CD24 molecule is also expressed on granulocytes [4].
• Human cancer cell lines showed growth inhibition in response to the antibodies, according to their expression levels of CD24 and in dose- and time-dependent manners [5].
• CD24 is a new oncogene, early at the multistep process of colorectal cancer carcinogenesis [5].
• CONCLUSIONS: CD24 is overexpressed in the colonic mucosa, already at an early stage of carcinogenesis [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of CD24

• The present study was aimed at examining the predictive value of CD24 expression in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cases [6].
• The small coding region of the human cell surface antigen CD24 (approximately 240 bp) was introduced into a myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV)-based retroviral vector, which was then used to infect day 4 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated murine bone marrow cells [7].
• The injection of CD24+CD133+ PEC but not of CD24-CD133- renal cells into SCID mice that had acute renal failure resulted in the regeneration of tubular structures of different portions of the nephron [8].
• We aimed to evaluate CD24 expression in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCa), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and non-tumorous breast tissues, and to investigate the relationship between histopathological parameters, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and c-erbB2 expressions [9].
• Prognostic value of immunohistochemical estimation of CD24 and Ki67 expression in cisplatin and paclitaxel treated ovarian carcinoma patients [10].

Biological context of CD24

• Here we investigate the contribution of CD24 to MS by studying single-nucleotide polymorphism in the ORF among 242 MS patients and 207 population controls [1].
• Thus, the CD24 gene expression appears to be a common event in HCC and may serve as an early but not prognostic biomarker for malignant transformation of hepatocytes [11].
• We have cloned a gene that encodes the CD24 protein from the cDNA library of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [11].
• Among B-lymphomas, several cytogenetic abnormalities were associated (P less than or equal to 0.02) with expression of CD24 or CD9 surface antigens [12].
• Pre-B cell antigen receptor-mediated signal inhibits CD24-induced apoptosis in human pre-B cells [13].

Anatomical context of CD24

• Immunoglobulin mu or gamma heavy chains and the B cell antigens CD23 and CD24 are detected on 50% of an isolated FDC population [14].
• Moreover, our data suggest that the CD24v/v patients expressed higher levels of CD24 on peripheral blood T cells than did the CD24a/a patients [1].
• Latex beads coated with purified CD24 from the two carcinoma cell lines but also neutrophils could bind specifically to P-selectin-IgG [2].
• We report that CD24, a mucin-type glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface molecule on human neutrophils, pre B lymphocytes, and many tumors can promote binding to P-selectin [2].
• The CD24/P-selectin binding pathway could be important in the dissimination of tumor cells by facilitating the interaction with platelets or endothelial cells [2].

Associations of CD24 with chemical compounds

• CD24, a mucin-type glycoprotein, is a ligand for P-selectin on human tumor cells [2].
• SC68376, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, inhibited apoptosis induction by CD24 cross-linking, whereas anisomycin, an activator of p38 MAPK, enhanced the apoptosis [13].
• We previously described the intracellular and cell-surface expression of the CD24 sialic acid-dependent epitope(s) on phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells [15].
• Immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from which primary OSPC cultures were derived further confirmed differential expression of CD24 and TROP-1/Ep-CAM markers on OSPC vs. NOVA [16].
• HSA and CD24 from all cell lines express almost no neutral N-glycans with two or more fucose in contrast to brain HSA and glycoproteins from mouse and human brain [17].

Regulatory relationships of CD24

• Antibodies recognizing CD24 LAP epitope on human T cells enhance CD28 and IL-2 T cell proliferation [15].

Other interactions of CD24

• By using affinity purified CDw40 protein we have also demonstrated that it is antigenically distinct from other B cell-associated Ag, including the six differentiation clusters CD19 to CD24 [18].
• These include cDNAs encoding the NE markers secretogranin (SCG2), CD24, and ENO2 [19].
• Strong surface reactivity is seen with CD38 antibodies and with one CD24 antibody (HB8) [20].
• Lack of CD24 was associated with breaks in 2p25, 5q, and 6q21; CD9 was associated with a break at 6q15 [12].
• Cloning and expression of CD24 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a potential early tumor marker gene correlates with p53 mutation and tumor differentiation [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CD24

• Furthermore, the cloned cluster-w4 antigen expressed on COS cells was shown to react with a comprehensive panel of CD24-specific monoclonal antibodies, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence staining [3].
• Our data suggest that the expression of CD24 as detected by immunohistochemistry is a new independent molecular marker for shortened survival time of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinomas [21].
• In high-grade NHL (Kiel classification) the absence of CD38 or presence of CD24 on tumor cells correlated with a higher degree of disease-free survival (P values 0.009 and 0.04, respectively) [22].
• CD24, a signal transducer modulating B cell activation responses, is a very short peptide with a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor [23].
• We have now mapped CD24 homologous sequences to chromosomes 6q21, 15q21-q22, and Yq11 by screening a panel of somatic cell hybrid DNAs and by in situ hybridization [24].

References