Disease relevance of Population Control

• As compared with an age- and sex-matched control population, as well as a population of patients who had non-squamous cell carcinoma head and neck tumors, the young adult population with squamous cell carcinoma expressed a significantly increased number of bleomycin-induced chromosome breaks per cell [1].
• To study the association between selenium status and the risk of myocardial infarction, we compared plasma, erythrocyte, and toenail selenium levels and the activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase among 84 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 84 population controls [2].
• RESULTS: We showed significant associations of NR1I2 with IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) groups compared with a control population for SNPs -23585 (IBD: P = .000008; odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-2.00) and -24381 (IBD: P = .0002; OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.21-1.84) [3].
• In our study of 60 consecutive patients, we found the frequency of the lupus anticoagulant by Russell viper venom time was 6.7% (95% confidence interval, 16.2 to 1.8) and by anticardiolipin antibody assay was 25% (95% Cl, 37.0 to 15.7), compared with 0% (p = not significant) and 2.5% (p = 0.002), respectively, in the normal control population [4].
• We therefore examined a large collection of patients with meningococcal sepsis, comparing the frequency of rare TLR4 coding changes to those in an ethnically matched control population [5].

Psychiatry related information on Population Control

• The polymorphic K variant of the butyrylcholinesterase ( BCHE-K ) gene recently has been demonstrated to have an elevated frequency in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients carrying the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein (APO E) gene when compared with a control population [6].
• The presence of the A allele at the TNF-alpha-308 site was overrepresented among adults with HIV dementia compared to those without dementia (0.28 vs 0.07; OR 5.5; 95% CI 1.8-17.0) and a healthy control population (0.28 vs 0.11) [7].
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were decreased in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes at diagnosis when matched with a control population for sex, age, obesity, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking [8].
• The effects of lithium on psychomotor performance were examined in six healthy male volunteers (aged 26-31 years) and compared with those of a similar control population [9].
• In order to contribute additional data from our population, we studied 563 patients affected with nonspecific mental retardation (MRX) that did not present a CGG expansion in the FMR1 gene and 208 individuals as a control population [10].

High impact information on Population Control

• The relationship between GTase and G(0) was found to be positive and linear in the control population and negative and linear in the RA population [11].
• Allele frequencies were calculated for the 2 MS patient groups and compared with those found in a control population from the same geographical location and of similar ethnic background [12].
• Within the control population, 18.1% of them had antibodies that reacted with the E4 protein, and 3.9% of them had antibodies that reacted with the E7 protein [13].
• Furthermore, nonresponsive leukocytes from the control population converted to tumor antigen-responsive when incubated with sera from vasectomized LaI-positive men [14].
• Of the patients positive for DRw2, 47% had the association A26 and Bw38 as compared with the control population association incidence of 21% (P less than 0.1) [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Population Control

• Vitamin A intake was assessed from dietary histories on 452 men with prostate cancer and 899 population controls in Hawaii during the period 1977-1983 [16].
• Plasma glucose and insulin responses to both a 75-g oral glucose challenge and to conventional meals were determined in eight patients with hypertension and compared with values of a control population [17].
• Eleven patients with proteinuria who had not been treated with candesartan cilexetil constituted a matched control population [18].
• The hypothesis that serum concentrations of pituitary hormones, sex steroid hormones, or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) affect the occurrence of prostatic cancer was tested in a consecutive sample of 93 patients with newly diagnosed, untreated cancer and in 98 population controls of similar ages without the disease [19].
• Serum concentrations of estrone, androstenedione, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured postoperatively in 122 postmenopausal women with incident breast cancer and 122 age-matched population controls [20].

Biological context of Population Control

• Compared with the DD frequency in the control population, the frequency of the ACE DD genotype was 48% higher in individuals with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (p = 0.008) and 63% higher in subjects with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (p = 0.008), suggesting that an ACE gene variant may contribute to the pathogenesis of both types of cardiomyopathy [21].
• BACKGROUND: Although autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 2 (PKD2) is known to have a milder clinical phenotype than PKD1, neither disorder has been compared with an unaffected control population in terms of survival [22].
• Although the peaks of expression of each of these molecules overlap, cyclin A mRNA and protein diminish before cyclin B. After irradiation in S, cyclin A mRNA and protein levels rose with the same kinetics as in the controls, but ultimately exceeded the levels seen in the control population [23].
• Nulliparity was found to be a risk factor for the development of RA, with age-adjusted odds ratios of 1.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-3.03) versus the OA control group and 1.83 (95% CI 1.03-3.06) versus the population control group [24].
• Two new polymorphisms, 2033C>T and 2059C>T, were identified in intron 6 which, in combination with two polymorphisms previously described (2161C>G and 2213C>G), gave rise to four different haplotypes in the control population [25].

Anatomical context of Population Control

• Adipose-tissue lipoprotein-lipase was significantly higher in seven previously obese men studied at a stable reduced weight than in a control population [26].
• The absolute number of Leu-1+, Leu-2a+, and Leu-3a+ lymphocytes is significantly decreased compared with a control population, whereas Leu-7+ and Leu-15+ subsets remain unchanged despite standard chronic immunosuppression (azathioprine and prednisone) [27].
• We assessed in vivo mutagenic effects of several dietary items using the HPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) gene assay with T-lymphocytes from 312 individuals (158 lung cancer cases, 154 population controls), who provided information on diet and smoking habits [28].
• Blood cells from the control population produced large amounts of 3-hydroxyacylcarnitines and 2-enoylcarnitine esters, in addition to saturated acylcarnitine esters [29].
• Forty six motor neuron disease patients from the Newcastle upon Tyne area had a reduced frequency of HLA DR4 compared to the local control population [30].

Associations of Population Control with chemical compounds

• Examination of the human KCR1 sequence in patients with drug-induced cardiac repolarization defects revealed a sequence variation (the substitution of isoleucine 447 by valine, I447V) that occurs at a reduced frequency (1.1%) relative to a matched control population (7.0%), suggesting that I447V may be an allele for reduced aLQTS susceptibility [31].
• This pattern of aggregation was clearly different from that occasionally caused by heparin in a control population [32].
• Transduced colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), assayed directly after the transduction procedure, were protected completely against 2 x 10(-8) mol/L MTX, a concentration that significantly reduced the CFU-GM detected in the control population [33].
• In addition, elevation of serum cholesterol, noted in 20 patients (67%), was significant (P = .014) when compared with a control population [34].
• Activity of ChAT and AChE, content of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and DA, binding of 5-[3H]HT, and the turnover number for DA (ratio of HVA/DA) all decreased with increasing age in the non-HD control population [35].

Gene context of Population Control

• Furthermore, we report that there was a significant difference in the observed numbers of SAA1 alleles between rheumatoid arthritis patients with AA-amyloidosis and the control population (chi 2(2) = 11.59, p = 0.003) with a higher frequency of gamma-allele in the AA-amyloid group (0.70 vs. 0.37) [36].
• We evaluated a series of European CRC patients and population controls to clarify whether EXO1 variants may indeed predispose to familial CRC [37].
• METHODS: We identified 274 HLA-DRB1*04-positive cases of RA and 271 HLA-DRB1*04-positive population controls [38].
• METHODS: Association with CARD15 and OCTN was investigated in UK Caucasian patients with PsA (n = 472) and population controls (n = 594), using 5' allelic discrimination assays (TaqMan) [39].
• RESULTS: The median urinary dextromethorphan/dextrorphan metabolic ratio (MR) indicated significantly lower CYP2D6 activity in the black American group (0.016) than in a white control population (0.0044; P =.0001) studied previously [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Population Control

• Mean (5.9 +/- 7.7 to 3.8 +/- 5.8 mg/l; -36%; p < 0.0001) and median levels of HSCRP (-41%; p = 0.002) decreased significantly in the rehabilitation group but not in the control population [41].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the 1-year cumulative incidence of rehospitalization for venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism among patients with thromboembolism treated with a vena cava filter compared with the incidence in a control population with thromboembolism [42].
• Laboratory studies revealed the patient to be severely DPD deficient, as demonstrated by DPD enzyme activity from peripheral blood mononuclear cells being below the lower limit of the 95th percentile of a control population and by Western immunoblot analysis showing undetectable levels of DPD protein [43].
• In an ongoing lung cancer case-control study, we compared individual sensitivity to bleomycin-induced chromosome breaks in 152 non-small cell lung cancer patients with 94 population controls and 85 hospital controls with no history of cancer [44].
• The rate of tissue kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.35) excretion into the urine has been examined with an active site-specific radioimmunoassay for kallikrein in renal transplant recipients, in post-uninephrectomy kidney donors, and in a normal control population [45].

References