Disease relevance of PPT2

• Expression of the G14 cDNA in the baculovirus system revealed that it encoded a secreted glycosylated polypeptide with S-thioesterase activity [1].
• We have extended this observations for bacteriophages G14 and U3 [2].
• Results also showed statistically significant (P < 0.0005) increases in LIs from nuclear grade 1 (NG1) to nuclear grade 3 (NG3) carcinomas [3].
• CONCLUSION: Stereotactic hematoma evacuation is clearly of value from the medicoeconomical point of view in selected patients with spontaneous putuminal hemorrhage, whose eyes are closed but open to weak stimuli (NG2) or strong stimuli (NG3) on admission [4].
• As compared with group II, group I revealed lower costs at 1 year after hemorrhage in NG2 patients, probably reflecting reduced neurologic deficits brought about by the SHE, and approximately the same costs in NG3 patients [4].

High impact information on PPT2

• EDTA blocked degradation at the COOH-terminus of both 2-17 G17 and G17 but cleavage at the NH2-terminus still occurred, giving rise to a G14-like peptide [5].
• Role of beta112 Cys (G14) in homo- (beta4) and hetero- (alpha2 beta2) tetramer hemoglobin formation [6].
• Mutagenesis of residues C13 and G14 was less revealing, but argued strongly against a role of C13 as a general acid/base catalyst [7].
• Compared with the control group, the maximum plasma concentration of nisoldipine was significantly increased after grapefruit juice intake in G0 and G14, and the plasma concentration was significantly increased at each time in G0 to G72 [8].
• Crystal packing forces the G4-G17 base-pair in the top half of the duplex to slide significantly into the minor groove compared to the corresponding G7-G14 base-pair in the bottom half, resulting in these base-pairs exhibiting different base stacking and intermolecular interactions [9].

Biological context of PPT2

• Structure of the human palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-2 gene (PPT2) in the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21.3 [10].
• PPT2 spans about 10 kb and is composed of nine exons [10].
• These polymorphisms (and a microsatellite discovered within PPT2) will aid in the further delineation of the possible role of PPT2 in lysosomal storage disorders of unknown etiology [10].
• The G14 polypeptide contains, in addition to an N-terminal lipase domain, a C-terminal domain common to the cytokine receptor superfamily, which might determine the substrate specificity and/or the protein target of the G14 protein [1].
• The position of the phi X gene A protein nick and the nucleotide sequence surrounding this site in RF DNAs of the bacteriophages U3, G14, and alpha 3 were determined [11].

Anatomical context of PPT2

• This sugar transport increase was related to an increased Vmax for 2DG transport, 26.9 +/- 4.2 nmoles 2DG/mg protein/30 sec in the G14 cell line vs 9.5 +/- 0.6 nmoles 2DG/mg protein/30 sec in the parental V79 cell line [12].
• The transport of [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and [3H]3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG) was elevated in a respiration deficient (NADH coenzyme Q [Co Q] reductase deficient) Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (G14) [12].
• Furthermore, the G14 cells had a similar content of GLUT 1 glucose transporter in the plasma membrane fraction when compared with the V79 parental cell line [13].
• At 14 and 16 weeks' gestation (G14 and G16) in the human, S-IR cells were only found close to the putative fovea centralis, but by 18 weeks' gestation (G18), they were located in all retinal regions [14].
• Germ cells having more than two nuclei were observed in a few cases including the control testes of G14 fetuses [15].

Associations of PPT2 with chemical compounds

• The enzymic activity of the recombinant G14 protein was further characterized in quantitative spectrophotometric assays, which revealed that it had the highest S-thioesterase activity for the acyl groups palmitic and myristic acid followed by other long-chain acyl substrates [1].
• At a steady state, approximately 15% of COOH-terminal immunoreactivity was attributable to G14-like material and up to 25% of total NH2-terminal immunoreactivity was attributable to two NH2-terminal fragments; one had the chromatographic properties of 1-13 G17, and the other was less acidic and less hydrophobic [5].
• Factors which increase sugar transport (e.g., glucose deprivation, serum or insulin exposure) or decrease sugar transport (e.g., serum deprivation) in the parental V79 cell line had little effect on sugar transport in the G14 respiration deficient cell lines [12].
• Infrared absorption bands due to sulfhydryl groups (VSH) of alpha-104(G11) and beta-112 (G14) cysteine residues of human carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) have been observed near 2560 cm- minus 1 by use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy [16].
• In the G14 cell line, 2DG transport decreased at all concentrations of cycloheximide (up to 50 micrograms/ml) [12].

Other interactions of PPT2

• One major (2.0 kb) and two minor (7.0 and 2.8 kb) mRNAs are transcribed from the gene, and the larger transcripts appear to be messenger RNAs in which PPT2 exons are spliced into a downstream gene encoding a homolog of human latent transforming growth factor-beta binding protein (human LTBP) [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PPT2

• Immunoprecipitation of these mammalian cells, with an anti-G14 antiserum, showed a specific band of approx. 42 kDa in cell extracts and supernatants [1].
• Using Western blot analysis, the GLUT 1 glucose transporter in G14 cells exhibited a different mobility on a polyacrylamide gel when compared with the mobility of the GLUT 1 glucose transporter of the V79 cell line [13].
• Tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was excellent in NG3, MG3 tumors when lymphoplasmomonocytic infiltration was present [17].
• VN tests with these 20 isolates randomly selected confirmed the specificity of PCR on the bases of complete agreement of the results in these methods (9 G3 and 11 G14), and revealed that all 9 G3 isolates were subtype G3B [18].

References