Disease relevance of Tetany

• The otherwise predictable complications of PTX in this metabolic setting (hypocalcemia of increasing severity, tetany, moribundity, and death) were prevented by continuous intravenous administration of calcium (as a solution of calcium chloride/calcium gluconate 1:1) through a catheter in the external jugular vein placed at the time of PTX [1].
• Oxaliplatin, a new widely used anticancer drug, displays frequent, sometimes severe, acute sensory neurotoxicity accompanied by neuromuscular signs that look like the symptoms observed in tetany and myotonia [2].
• Three relatively normal PTH responses were obtained, two in an infant after phosphate-induced hypocalcemic tetany was corrected, and one in a child with a malabsorption syndrome [3].
• Primary hyperparathyroidism in the mother during pregnancy is known to result in a high rate of fetal complications; spontaneous abortions, still births, and neonatal tetany occur in excessive incidence [4].
• Significant improvement in symptoms of disabling cramps and muscle spasms was obtained in 9 patients with motor neuron diseases, tetany, and myotonic disorders who were treated with tocainide, a lidocaine analog [5].

High impact information on Tetany

• Tetany associated with nifedipine [6].
• Tetany associated with cis-platin [7].
• Magnesium sulphate is recommended as the treatment of choice in symptomatic neonatal tetany whether or not there is hypomagnesaemia [8].
• Although PTH-/- and 1alpha(OH)ase-/- mice displayed only moderate hypocalcemia, PTH-/-1alpha(OH)ase-/- mice died of tetany with severe hypocalcemia by 3 weeks of age [9].
• RESULTS: In the double mutant mice, which die within 3 weeks after birth with severe hypocalcemia, tetany, and skeletal defects, exogenous PTHrP and PTH enhanced survival of the animals by improving serum calcium [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tetany

• The tetany group had significantly lower serum 25OHD levels and higher 1,25(OH)2D levels, and had increased 1,25(OH)2D/25OHD as an index of the renal 25OHD-1-hydroxylase activity than those in the nontetany group [11].
• Upon the institution of cortisol therapy, while still under the effects of a vitamin D analog dihydrotachysterol (DHT), the patient exhibited severe hypocalcemia and tetany [12].
• Serum iPTHrP levels were not detectable (< 4 pmol/L) in 9 of 11 patients with postoperative hypocalcemia who presented with transient tetany, in 1 patient with hypocalcemia due to hypomagnesemia induced by cisplatin treatment, in normal subjects (n = 60), or in 1 normocalcemic patient with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism [13].
• Intravenously administered calcium gluconate has become increasingly popular in the treatment of neonatal tetany [14].
• Fish fed unsupplemented diets (pyridoxine content of 1.2 mg/kg) were characterized by anoxeria, nervous disorders, tetany, greenish-blue body coloration, and eventual mortality [15].

Biological context of Tetany

• CONCLUSION: Pregnancies associated with hyperparathyroidism have been found to be complicated by an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and neonatal tetany [16].
• We assessed indices of synaptic plasticity (post-tetanic short-term potentiation [PTP] and long-term potentiation [LTP]) and sympathetic ganglionic transmission without tetany in superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats (HnSD) versus (mRen2)27 rats [17].

Anatomical context of Tetany

• Both infants demonstrated neonatal tetany with hypoparathyroidism, cardiovascular anomalies, and absence of a thymus shadow on roentgenographic examination [18].
• The association between idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and latent tetany (LT) is common, as shown in our previous studies on adults and children [19].

Gene context of Tetany

• If the diet contained phosphate, op/op mice died from hypocalcemic tetany when calcium was also removed from the diet [20].
• In rabbits showing hypocalcemic tetany, calcitonin immunoreactivity was very intense and NSE immunoreactivity was faint to negative in the C cells [21].
• Biochemical evidence for hypoparathyroidism and roentgenographic evidence for hyperparathyroidism were present in a 7-year-old girl with seizures and tetany [22].
• Hypocalcemic tetany caused by PTH deficiency started between age of 6-13 y and was well controlled by small amounts of 1.25-(OH)2-cholecalciferol [23].
• These results suggest that patients with a high serum level of iPTH as a result of low serum calcium levels (secondary hyperparathyroidism) are susceptible to tetany under conditions of hypoparathyroid function after surgery [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tetany

• None of the cats had clinical problems with hypocalcemia after surgery, although 2 cats developed hypocalcemia without tetany, one of which was controlled with oral administration of dihydrotachysterol and the other with oral administration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [24].
• Differential diagnoses included grass tetany, nitrate toxicosis, and plant toxicosis [25].
• The proband, an 11 year-old girl, complained of periodic tetany lasting for 6 years, and also used a hearing aid because of sensorineural hearing impairment [26].
• Predisposing factors were studied: atopy (IgE dosage), increase of histamine release (intradermal testing with 48/80), abnormal receptivity to histamine (intradermal histamine), spasmophilia (electromyography recordings) [27].
• In 25 cases of spasmophilia the parathyroid function was assessed by complete exploration of the P-Ca metabolism and radioimmunoassay (RIA) of parathormone (PTH) [28].

References