Disease relevance of Abortion, Spontaneous

• Among 124,216 women with completed telephone or mail follow-up results, there were 402 pregnancies during therapy (3.4 per 1000 courses of isotretinoin); 72 percent of the pregnant women had elective abortions, 16 percent spontaneous abortions, 3 percent ectopic pregnancies, and 8 percent live births [1].
• Moderate caffeine use and the risk of spontaneous abortion and intrauterine growth retardation [2].
• Primary hyperparathyroidism of pregnancy may result in spontaneous abortion, neonatal hypocalcemia, or neonatal tetany if appropriate treatment is not instituted [3].
• The recent report of 209 cases of septic spontaneous abortion and 11 maternal deaths in the United States in women using the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device (IUD) raised the question about a possible causal relationship between the IUD and pelvic sepsis [4].
• To evaluate the significance of vasoactive prostanoids in habitual abortion, we measured urinary excretion of prostacyclin metabolites (6-keto-PGF1 alpha and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and of thromboxane A2 metabolites (TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2) during 25 pregnancies in 22 women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) [5].
• Patients with IR should be advised to improve their insulin sensitivity through lifestyle change or medical intervention before infertility treatment to reduce their risk of spontaneous abortion [6].

Psychiatry related information on Abortion, Spontaneous

• Telomeric chromosome rearrangements may cause mental retardation, congenital anomalies, and miscarriages [7].
• In addition stratified analyzes of the association between caffeine consumption and spontaneous abortion on the basis of cigarette and alcohol consumption were performed [8].
• Repeated vomiting and parenteral nutrition without vitamins led to Wernicke's encephalopathy and a spontaneous abortion 24 h before death triggered the induction of DIC [9].

High impact information on Abortion, Spontaneous

• CONCLUSIONS: The ingestion of caffeine may increase the risk of an early spontaneous abortion among non-smoking women carrying fetuses with normal karyotypes [10].
• Cocaine, smoking, and spontaneous abortion [11].
• CONCLUSIONS: Only extremely high serum paraxanthine concentrations are associated with spontaneous abortion [12].
• The presence of cotinine in urine was also independently associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion (odds ratio, 1.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.6) [13].
• Nonetheless, among the diabetic women, most of whom had good metabolic control, those who had spontaneous abortions had higher fasting and postprandial glucose levels in the first trimester than those whose pregnancies continued to delivery (P = 0.01 for fasting glucose levels and P = 0.005 for postprandial levels) [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Abortion, Spontaneous

• BACKGROUND: Whether the consumption of caffeine during pregnancy increases the risk of spontaneous abortion is controversial [12].
• This effect, together with the separate evidence for association of the transferrin C3 allele with spontaneous abortion, indicates that transferrin is a second marker (in addition to HLA) of genes important in reproduction [15].
• Plasma folate levels and risk of spontaneous abortion [16].
• CONTEXT: Both folate deficiency and folic acid supplements have been reported to increase the risk of spontaneous abortion [16].
• The rate of miscarriages in the fluoxetine group was comparable with the tricyclic group (13.5% and 12.2% vs 6.8% in the nonteratogens) [17].

Biological context of Abortion, Spontaneous

• A 20-year-old white female with rod monochromacy presented with short stature (less than 5th percentile), mild developmental delay, premature puberty, small hands and feet (length less than 5th percentile), minimal dysmorphism, and a reproductive history of three consecutive first-trimester miscarriages [18].
• Studies aimed at detecting mosaicism demonstrated the presence of a Y chromosome or a second X chromosome in three of 33 spontaneous abortions, a level of mosaicism much lower than that reported for live-born Turner syndrome individuals [19].
• CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a history of spontaneous abortion is associated with increased risk of epilepsy in live-born offspring and may be a marker for genetic susceptibility for epilepsy in the mother [20].
• Next, 192 women with unknown exposure to B19 who had stillbirths or spontaneous abortions were studied [21].
• Taken together, these data provide little evidence of an association between GSTM1 or NAT2 genotype and risk of spontaneous abortion [22].

Anatomical context of Abortion, Spontaneous

• It is proposed that such TLX alloantigens are central in establishing maternal recognition and protection of the blastocyst, and that lack of recognition results in implantation failure and spontaneous abortion [23].
• Furthermore, when pregnancy outcome of ICSI vs IVF was analyzed in terms of semen origin, no differences were found in the frequency of miscarriages or in the rate of congenital malformations [24].
• In the study group, increased levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein before amniocentesis, perforation of the placenta during amniocentesis, and withdrawal of discoloured amniotic fluid were associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion [25].
• A clinical study performed on 100 healthy women showed that a low FAAH activity in lymphocytes correlates with spontaneous abortion, whereas anandamide transporter and cannabinoid receptors in these cells remain unchanged [26].
• Fifty human hybridoma antibodies from 13 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 women with multiple spontaneous abortions, and 4 normal individuals were analyzed for lupus anticoagulant, antiplatelet, anti-DNA, and antiphospholipid reactivities [27].

Gene context of Abortion, Spontaneous

• It was hypothesized that there may be a significant interaction between MTHFR and TC genotypes which affects the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion [28].
• Therefore, 61 RSA couples (with three or more spontaneous abortions) and 47 fertile control couples were HLA-G genotyped by direct DNA sequencing and analyzed for specific polymorphisms [29].
• The aim of this study was to compare the frequencies of five HLA-E alleles in 82 women with recurrent spontaneous abortions with that of 150 random Danish controls [30].
• RESULTS: Sharing of two or more HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, or HLA-DR antigens was observed in 41% (252/609) couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion and in 34% (31/92) with infertility compared with 63% (27/43) of fertile couples [31].
• Chorions from early spontaneous abortions also exhibited telomerase activity but at a low level [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Abortion, Spontaneous

• We studied anti-PE antibody (aPE) seropositive plasma from 13 patients with SLE and/or recurrent spontaneous abortions by using partially purified kininogens and kininogen binding proteins from adult bovine serum isolated by carboxymethyl (CM)-papain affinity chromatography [33].
• RESULTS: Among the 150 women who were exposed to venlafaxine during pregnancy, 125 had live births, 18 had spontaneous abortions, and seven had therapeutic abortions; two of the babies had major malformations [34].
• Estimates of the numbers of livebirths, induced abortions, ectopic pregnancies, and fetal deaths were obtained by using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. The number of spontaneous abortions was estimated by using previously published, age-specific rates [35].
• Despite the fact that most epidemiologic studies have observed a positive association between maternal caffeine intake and the risk of spontaneous abortion, we conclude that the evidence must be considered to be equivocal, given the biases likely present and the fact that most of the potential biases would tend to overestimate any association [36].
• In a case-control study of 73 women with and 141 women without spontaneous abortion, the authors determined the activity of the three principal caffeine-metabolizing enzymes--cytochrome P-4501A2 (CYP1A2), xanthine oxidase, and N-acetyltransferase 2--by measuring levels of caffeine metabolites in urine [37].

References