Disease relevance of Goiter, Nodular

• When specific cancer sites were studied, excess numbers of deaths were observed from breast cancer in women with nontoxic nodular goiter (SMR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.6) and from lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer in women with nontoxic nodular goiter (SMR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.3) and thyroid adenoma (SMR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-5.2) [1].
• They are also useful adjuvants to antithyroid medications, surgery, and radioactive iodide treatment in patients with Graves' disease and toxic nodular goiters [2].
• We measured soluble Fas in the sera of 112 patients with Graves' disease, 21 patients with toxic goiter, and 24 patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to suppressive therapy with levothyroxine after near-total resection of the thyroid gland for nodular goiter [3].
• Patients with hyperthyroidism caused by either toxic nodular goiter or Graves' disease had significantly higher serum IL-6 concentrations than normal controls [4].
• We evaluated an immunoenzymatic assay (Abbott HTSH EIA) for thyrotropin (TSH) as a tool for detecting hyperthyroidism and for monitoring thyroid hormone suppressive therapy in patients with nodular goiter, thyroid carcinoma, and hypopituitarism [5].

High impact information on Goiter, Nodular

• Acquired refractoriness to thyroid hormone action in treated toxic nodular goiter [6].
• CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that thyroid cancer risk in a patient with a nodular goiter varies markedly according to iodine intake, sex, and age but not in relation to multinodularity, as assessed by clinical examination [7].
• Altogether, we examined 96 cases, including 69 PTCs, 19 follicular adenomas, and eight nontoxic nodular goiters for BRAF; 60 of these samples were also examined for RET/PTC rearrangements [8].
• The mother (82 yr old) showed a nodular goiter but was negative both for basal and pentagastrin stimulated calcitonin [9].
• Recent studies suggest that thyroglobulin (TG) accumulated in the follicular lumen of colloid nodular goiters can increase major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene expression in FRTL-5 thyrocytes [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Goiter, Nodular

• The serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, and sL-selectin were markedly elevated in patients with GD and in patients with toxic nodular goiter before treatment with methimazole (P < 0.05 for all) [11].
• Topographical heterogeneity of basal and thyrotropin-stimulated adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate in human nodular goiter [12].
• Treatment of recurrent nodular goiters with percutaneous ethanol injection: a clinical study of twelve patients [13].
• Results indicated that also in thyroid glands of GD, as previously observed in nodular goiters, two follicular cell populations with different patterns of beta1 integrin expression coexist (VLAalpha3beta1 and VLAalpha1,3,5,6beta1) [14].
• Cyclic AMP in non-toxic nodular goiter [15].

Biological context of Goiter, Nodular

• Effects on bone mineral density by treatment of benign nodular goiter with mildly suppressive doses of L-thyroxine in a cohort women study [16].
• Routinely obtained smears with cytologic diagnosis of PTC confirmed by histology (n=20) and diagnosis of nodular goiter (n=10) were investigated [17].
• Cyclic AMP concentrations in a non-toxic nodular goiter were measured by means of the radiocompetitive protein-binding assay [15].
• The treated pathologies are prevalently nodular goiter; the only kind of thyroid cancer what it may be attacked with endoscopic surgery is a small papillary carcinoma without lymph node involvement [18].
• These lesions are often diagnosed as follicular adenomas in surgical pathology and pose cytopathologic diagnostic problems between nodular goiter, follicular adenoma and PTC [19].

Anatomical context of Goiter, Nodular

• 5-mc immunostaining scores were calculated in 17 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 6 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC), 16 follicular adenomas (FA), 19 nodular goiters (NG) and ten Hürthle cells adenomas (HCA) [20].

Gene context of Goiter, Nodular

• To determine whether the IGF-I/IGF binding protein (IGFBP) profile is affected when thyroid hormone production is altered in vivo, we studied 36 women who had recently been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism (age: 29-67 years; 19 with Graves' disease, 17 with toxic nodular goiter) and 36 age-matched healthy women as controls [21].
• Serum concentrations of soluble P-selectin, TNF-alpha, and interleukin-6 did not differ among patients with GD and toxic nodular goiter and healthy subjects [11].
• Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 26 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 16 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 7 with nontoxic nodular goiter (NG), and 14 normal subjects (N) [22].
• Serum levels of the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6 and ICAM-1 after 131I-treatment of Graves' disease and nodular goiter [23].
• Role of basic fibroblast growth factor in the pathogenesis of nodular goiter [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Goiter, Nodular

• Ten percent of the patients required more than one treatment; 94% of the patients with Graves' disease and 45% with toxic nodular goiter had thyroxine substitution 1-5 yr after treatment [25].
• By employing a highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible radioimmunoassay (RIA), we measured T3S in the serum and urine of 20 premenopausal women with benign nodular goiters before and after administration of thyroxine for 6 months (T4; 3.2 micrograms/kg/day) [26].
• The sequential changes in serum thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotropin (TSH) were evaluated in ten patients on whom partial thyroidectomy for nontoxic nodular goiter had been performed [27].
• METHODS: RT-PCR analyses of c-Kit and immunohistochemical staining of c-Kit, Flk-1, and Flk-2 were performed in archived samples of 18 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 9 follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), 12 follicular adenoma (FA), and 7 nodular goiter (NG) samples [28].

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