Disease relevance of Collateral Ligaments

• A predilection for synovitis in all of the MCP joints adjacent to the radial collateral ligaments was evident when the positional effects of the flexor tendon were considered [1].
• Eleven horses had concurrent soft tissue injuries involving the deep digital flexor tendon, distal sesamoidean impar ligament, navicular bursa or collateral ligament of the navicular bone [2].
• The sequelae of medial traction and lateral compression from valgus stress include medial collateral ligament injury, common flexor tendon pathology, medial traction spurs, ulnar neuropathy, and osteochondritis dissecans [3].
• The splint is appropriate for patients with a variety of diagnoses, including MCP joint volar plate injuries, collateral ligament injuries, joint hypermobility, and arthritic conditions [4].
• There was no significant difference between genders for the presence of other secondary signs and contusion patterns, associated lateral meniscal tears, presence of O'Donoghue's triad or associated medial collateral ligament injuries [5].

High impact information on Collateral Ligaments

• The radial collateral ligament was best analyzed in the coronal plane [6].
• To model this condition, the rat's right ankle was bent repeatedly, overextending lateral ligaments, for 4 min under halothane anesthesia [7].
• The tibial and fibular collateral ligaments (TCL and FCL) were evaluated on coronal SE images (TE = 30 ms, TR = 200 or 530 ms; TE = 120 ms, TR = 2,000 or 2,120 ms) [8].
• The effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFA on the in vitro healing response of medial collateral ligament (MCL) fibroblasts were investigated by studying the cellular coverage of an in vitro wound and the production of collagen, PGE2, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF [9].
• The purpose of this study was to analyze the results after treatment of such injuries with a titanium radial head prosthesis, repair of torn collateral ligaments, and early mobilization of the elbow [10].

Biological context of Collateral Ligaments

• The influence of signal pathways involved in the adhesion of fibroblasts from the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments to fibronectin was investigated [11].
• Effects of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, BMP-7) on gene expression in cultured medial collateral ligament cells [12].

Anatomical context of Collateral Ligaments

• Coronal images permitted optimal visualization of the triangular fibrocartilage and the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments [13].
• All cells expressed the beta3 integrin subunit; the expression by posterior cruciate ligament cells was 1.5, 3, and 4.5-fold greater than that by lateral collateral, anterior cruciate, and medial collateral ligament cells, respectively [14].
• On the basis of additional parallel studies on the role of intracellular calcium in integrin-mediated adhesion, medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament fibroblast adhesion was calcium dependent throughout the 60 minute time course of adhesion experiments [11].
• An acute injection of betamethasone into a transected rabbit medial collateral ligament significantly impaired the biomechanical and histological properties compared to non-injected transected ligaments [15].
• Influence from stretch-sensitive receptors in the collateral ligaments of the knee joint on the gamma-muscle-spindle systems of flexor and extensor muscles [16].

Associations of Collateral Ligaments with chemical compounds

• Fracture of the medial humeral condyle in children is an epiphyseal injury, and it is probably caused by a valgus force incurred with the elbow extended, the origin of the flexor muscles and medial collateral ligament avulsing and rotating the condyle [17].
• Increased expression of the beta 1, alpha 5, and alpha v integrin adhesion receptor subunits occurs coincident with remodeling of stress-deprived rabbit anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments [18].
• Characterization of a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan present in bovine collateral ligament [19].
• Our findings suggest that there is no early deleterious effect of a short course of ibuprofen on the mechanical behavior of medial collateral ligaments [20].
• Effects of a delayed steroid injection on ligament healing using a rabbit medial collateral ligament model [15].

Gene context of Collateral Ligaments

• These findings indicate that the large chondrotin sulfate proteoglycan synthesized by bovine collateral ligament may be a versican-like proteoglycan which exhibited the potential to form like protein-stabilized complexes [19].
• In the present study, the expression of several characteristic biochemical markers of ligaments, such as Six1, Scleraxis, aggrecan, and type I collagen in primary cultures of adult rat medial collateral ligament (MCL) cells was determined [12].
• CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that a single local application of bFGF promoted early formation of repair tissue in injured medial collateral ligaments [21].
• The most significant findings were the correlation of free fluid around the medial collateral ligament (MCL) with avulsion of the femoral attachment of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) and the presence of avulsed fragments of bone from the medial border of the patella [22].
• Meniscal injuries were found in 41% of Group I patients (isolated ACL injuries) and in 54% of Group II patients (injured ACL/collateral ligaments) [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Collateral Ligaments

• The purpose of this study was to analyze the results after treatment of such injuries with a titanium radial head prosthesis, repair of torn collateral ligaments, and early mobilization of the elbow [24].
• Six weeks after treatment, the volume of vessels supplying the healing zone of the medial collateral ligament, as well as the ipsilateral lateral collateral ligament, posterior cruciate ligament. menisci, and medial capsule, was quantified by carmine red vascular casting [25].
• A study of the use of glutaraldehyde-stabilized bovine xenograft material as a collateral ligament replacement in 16 dogs has been done [26].
• Since the ligament originates on the anteroinferior surface of the epicondyle, more bone can be removed with less violation of the anterior medial collateral ligament origin if the plane of the osteotomy lies between the sagittal and coronal planes [27].
• We present a technique for reconstructing the radial collateral ligament using the volar plate after metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty of fingers in rheumatoid arthritis [28].

References