Disease relevance of Premature Birth

• Zidovudine was well tolerated by the pregnant women and was apparently not associated with malformations in the newborns, premature birth, or fetal distress [1].
• RESULTS: Undiagnosed CD was associated with an increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.22-2.15), low birth weight (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.66-2.75), very low birth weight (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.35-4.43), preterm birth (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.35-2.17), and caesarean section (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.27-2.60) [2].
• Women with SSc were more likely than those without SSc to have adverse outcomes of pregnancy after the onset of their rheumatic disease, particularly premature births (also seen in RA women after disease onset) and small full-term infants [3].
• This analysis suggests a pathway leading from Black race through bacterial vaginosis and fetal fibronectin to spontaneous preterm birth [4].
• Inducing preterm birth with RU486 in a mouse model may be useful in investigations of the mechanism(s) of preterm labor [5].

Psychiatry related information on Premature Birth

• The Preterm Prediction Study: recurrence risk of spontaneous preterm birth. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network [6].
• Elevated concentrations of placental CRH are associated with spontaneous preterm birth, but the consequences for infant development, independent of birth outcome, are unknown [7].
• The relation between preterm birth and socioeconomic and psychological factors, smoking, alcohol and caffeine consumption are studied [8].

High impact information on Premature Birth

• BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis has been associated with preterm birth [9].
• RESULTS: Preterm births increased from 6.3 percent of live births in 1981 through 1983 to 6.8 percent in 1992 through 1994, a relative increase of 9 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 7 to 10 percent) [10].
• Our aim was to investigate the association between DDE exposure and preterm birth [11].
• Not surprisingly, the role of Trx in a wide range of human diseases and conditions, including cancer, viral disease, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac conditions, aging, premature birth and newborn physiology, is subject to intense investigation [12].
• Retrospective studies in humans suggest that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy, associated with raised plasma levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol may increase the likelihood of preterm birth, developmental delays and behavioural abnormalities in the children [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Premature Birth

• CONCLUSIONS: Elevated homocysteine and suboptimal vitamin B-12 and B-6 status may increase the risk of preterm birth [14].
• Effect of premature birth and survival on hepatic thyroxine 5'-monodeiodinase activity in baboons [15].
• Interruption of this maturational process by premature birth results in enhanced pituitary gonadotropin production in girls and increased testicular T production in boys [16].
• We review evidence suggesting that pre- or postnatal deficits of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) together with underdeveloped antioxidant protection contribute to neurovisual developmental disorders and other complications of premature birth [17].
• It has been thought that deficiency of vitamin E is at least partly responsible for the anemia which often occurs 4 to 6 wk after premature birth, and routine dietary supplementation with vitamin E is frequently recommended [18].

Biological context of Premature Birth

• OBJECTIVE: The effects of gestational age, oxygen delivery, and cysteine infusion or glutathione infusion, or both, on plasma total cysteine and other methionine metabolites were studied in a baboon model of severe premature birth with respiratory distress [19].
• Magnesium sulfate appears to inhibit myometrial contractility but is ineffective at prolonging gestation or preventing preterm birth [20].
• 9. Fetal growth retardation, as estimated by small-for-gestational-age birth, was associated independently with black race, young maternal age, short maternal height, low prepregnancy weight, low weekly weight gain, and smoking, as well as nulliparity, previous preterm birth, three or more abortions, uterine anomaly, and uterine exposure to DES [21].
• The prevalence rates of allergic rhinitis among those with term birth (>36 weeks), moderately preterm birth (33-36 weeks) and very preterm birth (<33 weeks) were 15.2%, 13.1% and 11.6%, respectively [22].
• RESULTS: African-American mothers who carried the IL4 GCC haplotype had greater risk of spontaneous preterm birth (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.2-7.4) [23].

Anatomical context of Premature Birth

• The fetal zone of the adrenal gland is known to persist after preterm birth, but there is uncertainty as to how long adrenal fetal zone steroid production continues and how it is regulated [24].
• Orally administered clindamycin treatment is associated with a 50% reduction of bacterial vaginosis-linked preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of membranes [25].
• Of these, fetal fibronectin and endovaginal ultrasound examination of the cervix have proven effective in predicting which symptomatic women are actually at low risk of preterm birth [26].
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether human preterm birth is associated with changes in 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone concentrations in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid [27].
• The preterm birth initiated by RU 486 was preceded and accompanied by the extensive development of gap junctions between myometrial cells [28].

Gene context of Premature Birth

• According to the present results an allelic variation in the TLR4 receptor was associated with increased risk of premature birth [29].
• At approximately 2 wk after preterm birth, SP-A and SP-B, but not SP-C, mRNA levels were significantly reduced in preterm lambs compared with term controls, but these differences did not persist at 2 and 6 wk PNA [30].
• There was no relationship between mother and infant IL-10 genotype and spontaneous preterm birth [31].
• Interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in cervico/vaginal secretion for screening of preterm birth in twin gestation [32].
• Effect of preterm birth on hypoxia-inducible factors and vascular endothelial growth factor in primate lungs [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Premature Birth

• Risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation in infants born to HIV-infected pregnant women receiving zidovudine. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 185 Team [34].
• Of 11 variables analyzed, cocaine use near delivery, no prenatal care, marijuana and cigarette use, black race, a previous preterm infant, and staff service were significantly associated with premature birth by univariate analysis [35].
• OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate in a prospective, randomized study the efficacy of oral terbutaline after successful intravenous tocolysis in reducing preterm birth [36].
• The impact of cocaine and marijuana use on low birth weight and preterm birth: a multicenter study [37].
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of vaginal fetal fibronectin as a screening test for spontaneous preterm birth in patients with cervical cerclage [38].

References