Disease relevance of Phenoterol

• Eighteen children aged 8 to 14 years with bronchial asthma were studied with respect to the diurnal variation in pulmonary expiratory flow and the influence on it of inhalation of Freons and of a beta 2-receptor stimulator, fenoterol [1].
• We have studied the effect of fenoterol, a selective beta-2 adrenergic agent, on airway obstruction in children with asthma [2].
• Inhibition of the immediate allergic reaction in the nose by the beta-2 adrenostimulant fenoterol [3].
• Comparative dose-response study of three anticholinergic agents and fenoterol using a metered dose inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [4].
• In children, inhaled fenoterol is effective in preventing exercise-induced asthma and administration of the aerosol in young children has been successfully used to terminate acute asthma attacks [5].

Psychiatry related information on Phenoterol

• Time trends in fenoterol and asthma deaths: optical illusion or reality check [6]?
• Bronchodilatation was evaluated by measuring serial peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) for eight hours after inhaled fenoterol and calculating the area under the time-response curves and the percentage increment from the baseline values [7].

High impact information on Phenoterol

• On a microgram-equivalent basis, the odds ratio for this outcome with fenoterol was 2.3, as compared with 2.4 with albuterol [8].
• Effect of fenoterol on bromine-containing oxidants from eosinophils [9].
• However, the rises in heart rate, QTc interval, and tremor and the fall in plasma potassium were greater after fenoterol than after salbutamol or terbutaline [10].
• The most likely explanation for these effects is that fenoterol has been marketed at a higher dose than the other beta 2-agonists; fenoterol may in addition be less selective for beta 2 receptors [10].
• Hypokalaemia induced by inhalation of fenoterol [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Phenoterol

• In patients with radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema the bronchodilator drugs fenoterol and ipratropium bromide produced a considerable increase in vital capacity and reduction in residual volume [12].
• 32 patients exhibited ventricular premature beats, 14 in the fenoterol group and 18 in the albuterol group [13].
• CONCLUSIONS: Cardiodepressive side effects and greater toxicity of fenoterol and terbutaline were found under the conditions of our experiment [14].
• Studies have shown that, in patients with threatened premature labor, fenoterol and ritodrine are effective agents for delaying its onset [15].
• The simultaneous infusion of propranolol (2 microng per kilogram per minute) with fenoterol (0.200 microng per kilogram per minute) blocked the maternal tachycardia but resulted in a significant decrease in UmBF and a significant increase in UtBF [16].

Biological context of Phenoterol

• Both groups showed significant improvement on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum expiratory flow at 25% and 50% vital capacity but those who received fenoterol therapy showed more significant bronchodilation after one hour [17].
• In both situations the bronchodilating effect of fenoterol as measured by changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, peak expiratory flow, and maximal expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity was significant (p less than 0.01) compared to placebo [18].
• From these observations we suggest that low-dose fenoterol protects against bronchoconstriction induced by exercise, a naturally occurring stimulus reflecting airway hyperresponsiveness [19].
• At clinic attendances, the patients had a significantly higher mean PEFR after 4 wk on terbutaline (385 L/min) than after fenoterol (316 L/min) (p less than 0.001) [20].
• In the 15 min following the fenoterol spray the increase in the average nasal airway resistance (NAR) was significantly higher than the increase in NAR after placebo (p = 0.026), suggesting that fenoterol may also act as a vasodilator in the nose [21].

Anatomical context of Phenoterol

• Similar results were obtained with T-lymphocytes exposed to 8-Br-cAMP and fenoterol [22].
• Incubation of bovine tracheal smooth muscle with fenoterol (10(-7) M) for 2 h increased H(1) receptor mRNA (maximum approximately 190%) [23].
• This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of fenoterol on beta-adrenergic receptor signal transduction in human myometrium [24].
• We examined the interrelationships of internalization and down-regulation of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor in response to treatment of the BEAS-2B human epithelial cell line with both a series of agonists at high occupancy and with various concentrations of fenoterol that gave occupancies from 0.93 to 0.001 [25].
• The beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (beta2-agonist) fenoterol has potent anabolic effects on rat skeletal muscle [26].

Associations of Phenoterol with other chemical compounds

• Comparison of ipratropium solution, fenoterol solution, and their combination administered by nebulizer and face mask to children with acute asthma [27].
• The increased risk of death associated with isoproterenol and fenoterol is probably the result of both long-term effects with their regular use leading to worsening asthma control and acute effects resulting from their overuse in the situation of a life-threatening attack of asthma [28].
• RESULTS: A23187-induced EPO release from guinea pig eosinophils was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by pretreatment for 5 minutes with fenoterol, clenbuterol, and salbutamol [29].
• METHODS: We performed an acetylcholine challenge test on ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs that were exposed to daily inhalation of ovalbumin and fenoterol [30].
• Plasma renin activity was significantly increased during dobutamine and fenoterol infusion [31].

Gene context of Phenoterol

• Twenty-two human bronchi were sensitized to ET-1 by prolonged incubation with 0.1 microM fenoterol (15 h, 21 degrees C) [32].
• Our objective was to determine whether ET-1 receptors ETA and ETB are involved in fenoterol enhancement [32].
• Finally, in contrast to CREB, phosphorylation of Src and extracellular signal-regulated kinase was enhanced by fenoterol upon TARC pretreatment [33].
• Fenoterol potentiated IL-4-induced IgE production from purified B-cells activated through their CD40 antigen [34].
• We conclude that fenoterol-induced sensitization of human isolated bronchi involves epithelial ETA and ETB receptors, which suggests perturbation of the epithelial regulation of airway smooth muscle contraction in response to ET-1 [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Phenoterol

• A case-control study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that fenoterol by metered dose inhaler (MDI) increases the risk of death in patients with asthma [35].
• In 1989, a case-control study reported that inhaled fenoterol was associated with the epidemic of asthma deaths that had affected New Zealand since 1976 [36].
• Nineteen patients had received no tocolysis (controls, group I) and 21 had been treated with fenoterol (<48 h in 10, group II; > or = 48 h in 11, group III) [24].
• Comparison of four weeks' treatment with fenoterol and terbutaline aerosols in adult asthmatics. A double-blind crossover study [20].
• Aerosol fenoterol by intermittent positive pressure breathing in asthmatic patients [37].

References