Disease relevance of Diabetes Insipidus

• Five of our patients presented with polyuria and polydipsia, but only two had true diabetes insipidus, whereas three had organic primary polydipsia with adequate endogenous ADH [1].
• This decrease in AVP in turn causes the characteristics signs of diabetes insipidus, with the production of large volumes of dilute urine and a compensatory drinking of large volumes of water (equivalent to the body weight of the rat per day) [2].
• The Wolfram syndrome (MIM 222300) is a disease of unknown origin consisting of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness [3].
• Other neurological features subsequently emerged, and "DIDMOAD" (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness) became a commonly accepted acronym [4].
• Cerebral damage affecting the sensors responsible for the osmotic regulation of water intake and ADH release may result in hypo- or adipsia associated with latent diabetes insipidus, and is apparently the ultimate cause of "essential" hypernatremia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Diabetes Insipidus

• Abnormalities in arginine vasopressin responses to water deprivation or hypertonic saline infusion were seen only in four patients who had preexisting diabetes insipidus (DI); one patient who later developed DI had normal findings [6].
• The data suggest that OPC-51803 is a useful therapeutic drug in the treatment of hypothalamic diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, and some kinds of urinary incontinence [7].
• Individual differences in the antidiuretic response induced by DDAVP in diabetes insipidus [8].
• Lack of effect of Pitressin on the learning ability of Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus using positively reinforced operant conditioning [9].
• Molecular misreading was found in the rat vasopressin gene associated with diabetes insipidus and in the human genes linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), that is, beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) and ubiquitin-B (UBB) [10].

High impact information on Diabetes Insipidus

• Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in patients with diabetes insipidus [11].
• However, diabetes insipidus improved transiently during prednisolone therapy in one of these children and improved permanently after etoposide therapy in another child [12].
• Transient vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus of pregnancy [13].
• Cyclophosphamide treatment of diabetes insipidus in Wegener's granulomatosis [14].
• Panhypopituitarism occurred only in this patient, and transient diabetes insipidus occurred in five [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diabetes Insipidus

• That disordered thirst resulting in polydipsia was more common than true diabetes insipidus is at odds with previously held views on the prevalence of ADH deficiency in this condition [1].
• We conclude that the polydipsia of diabetes insipidus partly results from elevated plasma renin activities and angiotensin II concentrations seen in this syndrome [16].
• Chlorpropamide action on renal concentrating mechanism in rats with hypothalamic diabetes insipidus [17].
• Continuous ambulatory subcutaneous desmopressin infusion in patient with diabetes insipidus [18].
• Hyponatraemia associated with lamotrigine in cranial diabetes insipidus [19].

Biological context of Diabetes Insipidus

• The Brattleboro rat, which has an autosomally recessive form of diabetes insipidus, has been reported to have a marked defect in the regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) gene expression [20].
• Restoration of suppressed baroreflex sensitivity in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro rats) by arginine-vasopressin and DDAVP [21].
• The relationship of renal prostaglandins to antidiuretic hormone action and water diuresis was examined in 13 normal subjects and 2 subjects with diabetes insipidus [22].
• Anaesthetized Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus were infused with vasopressin at three different doses (1.3, 13 or 130 mu./hr) in order to study the effect of the hormone on renal blood flow and its distribution [23].
• Rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (homozygotes of Bratteboro strain) were found to have significantly lower renal medullary adenylate cyclase activity, either basal activity or activity stimulated by vasopressin, as compared with controls (heterozygotes of the same strain) [24].

Anatomical context of Diabetes Insipidus

• Autoantibodies to vasopressin-secreting cells of human hypothalamus were detected by means of indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) in 13 patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) [25].
• Mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum retention of mutant vasopressin precursor caused by a signal peptide truncation associated with diabetes insipidus [26].
• These results indicate that in WS patients with diabetes insipidus, not only does VP neuron loss occur in the supraoptic nucleus, but there is also a defect in VP precursor processing [27].
• DATA SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes insipidus may result from impaired synthesis and release of vasopressin from the hypothalamic-pituitary unit (neurogenic) or renal insensitivity to circulating vasopressin (nephrogenic) [28].
• Lesions in the median eminence which induced diabetes insipidus as evidenced by an increase in water consumption to approximately four times normal completely abolished the natriuresis and kaliuresis in response to intraventricular hypertonic saline or norepinephrine and diminished the antidiuresis [29].

Gene context of Diabetes Insipidus

• Effect of administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoid on arginine vasopressin response to osmotic stimulus in normal subjects and patients with hypocorticotropinism without overt diabetes insipidus [30].
• Recently, a novel gene for a putative transmembrane protein (WFS1/wolframin) was found to be mutated in patients with Wolfram syndrome or DI-DM-OA-D (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness) syndrome [31].
• Prolactin secretion in patients with idiopathic diabetes insipidus [32].
• Mutations of AQP2 result in diabetes insipidus [33].
• The advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of defects in the antidiuretic hormone, the V2 receptor and the water channel, owing to mutations in the prepro-AVP-NPII, AVPR2 and AQP2 genes respectively, is providing insight into inherited diabetes insipidus as well as the more numerous sporadic cases [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diabetes Insipidus

• Sequence analysis of cDNA clones derived from hypothalamic mRNA of diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) rats shows that the vasopressin gene transcript also includes the single base deletion demonstrated in the gene [35].
• Treatment of a third group of diabetes insipidus rats (n = 9) with 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (1 microgram/day) restored the natriuretic response to increases in renal perfusion pressure [36].
• This report describes the appearance of high affinity antibodies to human LH in a girl who had been treated for diabetes insipidus with injections of pitressin tannate, plus occasional nasal insufflations of posterior pituitary powder [37].
• Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was measured by radioimmunoassay in atrial and plasma extracts from normal Long-Evans (LE) rats and Brattleboro-strain diabetes insipidus (DI) rats [38].
• The activities of enzymes related to the cellular action of vasopressin as well as the activities of other enzymes were studied in an animal model of hypothalamic diabetes insipidus [24].

References