Disease relevance of Insufflation

• Proteinase 3 (PR-3) is a human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) serine proteinase that degrades elastin in vitro and causes emphysema when administered by tracheal insufflation to hamsters (Kao, R. C., Wehner, N. G., Skubitz, K. M., Gray, B. H., and Hoidal, J. R. (1988) J. Clin. Invest. 82, 1963-1973) [1].
• This study was conducted to assess the CO2-elimination efficiency of tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) in 20 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and to compare its efficacy during volume-controlled (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) [2].
• Nonetheless, it appears that intranasal insufflation of disodium cromoglycate was more effective in reducing ragweed hay fever symptoms than placebo [3].
• Induction of protective serum meningococcal bactericidal and diphtheria-neutralizing antibodies and mucosal immunoglobulin A in volunteers by nasal insufflations of the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C polysaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine mixed with chitosan [4].
• Enhancement of pulmonary levels of CuZnSOD by transgenic overexpression of CuZnSOD, or tracheal insufflation of liposome-encapsulated or polyethylene glycol-conjugated CuZnSOD, protects animals against oxygen toxicity [5].

High impact information on Insufflation

• Racemic baclofen, its enantiomers, and the GABA(B)-receptor antagonist CGP36742 were administered before stimulation of TLESRs by a liquid meal and air insufflation [6].
• We believe, therefore, that if oral mannitol is used for bowel preparation before colonoscopic polypectomy oral antibiotics should also be administered or insufflation should be with carbon dioxide [7].
• The results of these studies do not support the need for routine CO2 insufflation prior to colonoscopic electrosurgical polypectomy [8].
• Following an initial test dose of intranasal cocaine, 2 mg/kg, cocaine addicts received single-blind, monitored cocaine insufflation, 2 mg/kg three times each day, for 3 consecutive days [9].
• Analysis of RNA harvested from the lungs of mice 4 h after LPS insufflation revealed that the induction of several genes important for neutrophil recruitment to the lung was significantly reduced in TNFR1/RelA-deficient mice relative to that in wild-type or TNFR1-deficient mice [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Insufflation

• Carbon dioxide and helium insufflation during laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in a patient with severe pulmonary disease [11].
• Acetazolamide reduces referred postoperative pain after laparoscopic surgery with carbon dioxide insufflation [12].
• In a selected group of rhinitis patients (n = 12) with an IgE-mediated allergy to house dust mites, the nasal response to insufflation of histamine chloride appeared to be related to symptom scores obtained from the patients [13].
• In a previous study using tracheal insufflation of O2 (TRIO) at a rate of 2 l/min, we showed that anesthetized paralyzed dogs could be adequately oxygenated for up to 5 h, albeit with hypercapnia (mean arterial PCO2 approximately 160 Torr) [14].
• After pneumoperitoneum insufflation, plasma lysine-vasopressin concentrations increased in all groups (control 74%, saline 65%, i.p. lidocaine 57%, i.v. lidocaine 74%) [15].

Biological context of Insufflation

• The observed inhibition of cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer by surfactant may in part explain our previous observation that tracheal insufflation of plasmid DNA and plasmid-cationic liposome complex results in equal lung gene transfer [16].
• In 10 premature newborns (mean gestational age, 27.5 +/- 2.2 wk; mean weight, 890 +/- 260 g) receiving continuous positive-pressure ventilation (Paw = 12.7 +/- 1.8 cm H2O; FIO2 = 39 +/- 17%), tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) for CO2 washout was conducted using this technique [17].
• In patients with COPD manually assisted cough alone and in combination with mechanical insufflation decreased peak expiratory flow rate by 144 l/min (95% CI 25 to 259) and 135 l/min (95% CI 30 to 312), respectively [18].
• A significant increase in RR (16.5 +/- 3.1 vs 17.9 +/- 3.4, p = 0.0002) and PAP (13.2 +/- 4.8 vs 16.1 +/- 5.7, p <0.0001), and a decrease in O2 saturation (99.6 +/- 0.6 vs 98.7 +/- 7.1, p = 0.0003) and heart rate (116 +/- 19 vs 113 +/- 18, p = 0.019) were recorded after CO2 insufflation [19].
• In contrast to vascular resistance, venous admixture in the atelectatic (8 +/- 5%) and nonatelectatic lobes (7 +/- 4%) was increased with halothane insufflation (11 +/- 4%), addition of halothane through the bubble deoxygenator (26 +/- 16%), and a combination of both techniques (22 +/- 13%) [20].

Anatomical context of Insufflation

• Halothane was administered by three different methods: insufflation, addition to the pulmonary artery blood through a bubble deoxygenator, or a combination of both techniques [20].
• Six of them were medicated with 10 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid 30 min before meconium insufflation [21].
• Peritoneal cavity cytology after uterotubal CO2 insufflation [22].
• IMPLICATIONS: The abdominal wall lift (AWL), acting on the abdominal chest wall, had some benefits during laparoscopic surgery by limiting CO2 peritoneal insufflation and several side effects, such as hemodynamics [23].
• The present study sought to investigate hemodynamics and gas exchange during unilateral and bilateral CO2 insufflation in patients who underwent totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting [24].

Associations of Insufflation with chemical compounds

• This occurrence seems to us to justify the routine use of carbon dioxide insufflation during polypectomy and the avoidance of mannitol for bowel preparation [25].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine if increasing nitric oxide bioactivity by inclusion of ethyl nitrite (ENO) in the insufflation admixture would attenuate pneumoperitoneum-induced decreases in splanchnic perfusion [26].
• Thirteen matched patient pairs were treated by either nasal insufflation of cromolyn sodium powder, 20 mg three times daily, or by a placebo powder [27].
• Both pranlukast and SB210661 significantly attenuated BHR induced by eotaxin with logPC(50), which is the concentration of acetylcholine needed to increase baseline insufflation pressure by 50%, from -0.43 +/- 0.16 to 0.39 +/- 0.10 and from -0.22 +/- 0.10 to 0.53 +/- 0.10, respectively (p < 0.05) [28].
• METHODS: The efficacy of a single oral dose of 20 mg of BAY u 3405 was examined in comparison with PG D2 nasal insufflation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, with objective measurement of nasal resistance by active posterior rhinomanometry [29].

Gene context of Insufflation

• The macrophage's ability to release TNF-alpha after E. coli exposure was diminished in the abdominal air exposure groups, as compared with the CO2 insufflation group [30].
• BACKGROUND: Previous observations have indicated that CO2 insufflation increases peritoneal plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) expression [31].
• Changes in insufflation pressures did not affect plasminogen activator activity [32].
• We studied the effects of pretreatment with either hemoglobin, a HO inducer, or tin protoporphyrin (SnPP)-9, a specific HO inhibitor, on increases in pulmonary insufflation pressure (PIP) and plasma extravasation induced by intravenously injected ovalbumin (OA) antigen in rats sensitized to OA in vivo with Evans blue dye as a marker [33].
• Meconium insufflation increased BAL fluid total cell, neutrophil, and macrophage counts and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and protein concentrations as well as lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity in the instilled lungs, compared with the noninstilled side [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Insufflation

• METHODS: In experiment 1, 30 Brown Norway rats were randomized to three procedures: 2 hours of CO2 insufflation, 2 hours of helium insufflation, and 2 hours of gasless laparoscopy [35].
• Used adjunctively during mechanical ventilation, tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) improves CO2 elimination, principally by decreasing effective anatomic dead space [36].
• To determine the antigen dose required to produce ETO, intranasal insufflations of increasing amounts of pollen (ragweed or timothy) from 0.1 to 100 mg were delivered to 29 patients, ages 20 to 31 yr with AR who were skin test positive or had elevated serum-IgE antibodies to ragweed or timothy but not pine pollen [37].
• RESULTS: None of the 4 animals subjected to increased CO2 insufflation pressure (maximum 30 mm Hg) demonstrated gas embolization during partial nephrectomy [38].
• They were then randomized to undergo one of the following procedures: (a) anesthesia alone, (b) air insufflation (44 mm Hg), (c) CO2 insufflation, or (d) full laparotomy [39].

References