Disease relevance of LYPRESSIN

• The effect was not caused by angiotensin inhibiting antidiuretic hormone release since the polyuria occurred in hypophysectomized animals receiving a constant infusion of 10 muU/kg per min of aqueous Pitressin [1].
• Maximal urinary osmolality measured after 12 h of dehydration and 1.25 U pitressin IM was significantly decreased in rabbits after 2 wk of potassium restriction in both the ad-libitum and controlled water intake groups (P less than 0.001) [2].
• Local gangrene: a complication of peripheral Pitressin therapy for bleeding esophageal varices [3].
• Donor variables analyzed were age, gender, ABO blood group, cause of death, length of stay in the intensive care unit, use of pressors or pitressin, need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, terminal serum transaminases, and ischemia time [4].
• Pitressin infusion controlled hemorrhage preoperatively in seven of these, and five survived one year or longer [5].

Psychiatry related information on LYPRESSIN

• Vasopressin-8-lysine in prevention of ECT-induced amnesia [6].
• The authors have evaluated urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) excretion and renal function during Pitressin administration, hypertonic saline administration, and water deprivation in two siblings with vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus and in normal control subjects [7].
• A classical task of experimental psychology, the retention of lists of words, was given twice to three groups of subjects treated with lysine vasopressin (LVP), oxytocin or saline [8].
• Lack of effect of Pitressin on the learning ability of Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus using positively reinforced operant conditioning [9].
• The role of lysine-vasopressin and oxytocin, as well as of their analog and fragment (DGAVP, desglycinamide arginine vasopressin; PLG, prolyl-leucyl-glycyl-amine), microinjected into the ventral hippocampus, in the formation and extinction of active avoidance conditioned reflex, was investigated [10].

High impact information on LYPRESSIN

• The major pressor hormone of two Australian species, the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and the tammar (Macropus eugenii), has been identified as lysine vasopressin by its amino acid sequence anda its pharmacological properties [11].
• A theoretical methodology for use in conjunction with experiment was applied to the neurohypophyseal hormone lysine vasopressin for elucidation of its accessible molecular conformations and associated flexibility, conformational transitions, and dynamics [12].
• Male mice were given a single injection of either adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or lysine vasopressin immediately after a defeat in an encounter with an aggressive male mouse [13].
• Human corticotropin-releasing factor plus lysine vasopressin test during glucocorticoid therapy [14].
• Lysine vasopressin and the V1 antagonist [1-deaminopenicillamine, 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]Arg8-vasopressin compete with high affinity with [3H]AVP binding, whereas the V2 agonist [1-deamino,4-valine]D-Arg8-vasopressin (dVDAVP) is 110 times less potent than AVP [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of LYPRESSIN

• A retrospective analysis of a series of 26 adrenocortical tumors responsible for Cushing's syndrome (19 adenomas and 7 carcinomas) showed that vasopressin (10 IU, i.m., lysine vasopressin) induced an ACTH-independent cortisol response (arbitrarily defined as a cortisol rise above baseline of 30 ng/mL or more) in 7 cases (27%) [16].
• 1 The effect of a combination of chloropropamide and chlorothiazide in Brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI) treated with low doses of vasopressin (Pitressin tannate in oil) was investigated with particular reference to the time course of response from the initiation of treatment [17].
• BACKGROUND: Terlipressin, a precursor that is metabolized to lysine-vasopressin, has been proposed as a drug for treatment of intraoperative arterial hypotension refractory to ephedrine in patients who have received long-term treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors [18].
• The effects of cortisol, 11-epicortisol, and lysine vasopressin on DNA and RNA synthesis in isolated human adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumor cells [19].
• Overnight dexamethasone pre-treatment improves the performance of the lysine-vasopressin test in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome [20].

Biological context of LYPRESSIN

• In contrast, triglycyl lysine vasopressin (glypressin; GVP), in a dose known to lower portal venous pressure, produced no fibrinolytic response [21].
• Intravenous lysine vasopressin (0.1 to 100 mU kg-1) induced a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure with bradycardia [22].
• Intracisternal lysine vasopressin (0.01 to 10 mU kg-1) elicited a dose-related decrease in blood pressure but no change in heart rate [22].
• The combined corticotropin-releasing hormone/lysine vasopressin test discloses a corticotroph phenotype [23].
• Characterization of specific vasopressin binding sites to rat hippocampal membranes has been assayed using tritiated lysine-vasopressin labelled on the tyrosyl residue [24].

Anatomical context of LYPRESSIN

• Survival following infusion of Pitressin into the superior mesenteric artery to control bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients [5].
• The addition of lysine vasopressin and rat median eminence extracts (MEE) to the perfusion system concomitantly enhanced the release of ACTH-LI, beta-EP-LI, and gamma-MSH-LI, although the dose-response relationship was clear-cut only in the case of MEE [25].
• These results suggest that captopril attenuates the pressor responses to NE and pitressin primarily by depletion of endogenous AII; decreased AII may desensitize the contraction of arterial smooth muscle and may potentiate the compensatory reflex mechanism [26].
• 5. The administration of Pitressin by subcutaneous injection (500-100 mu./24 hr) to Brattleboro rats abolished the hypokalaemia and the hyperpolarization of skeletal muscle fibre membranes but had no significant effect on c.s.f. cation concentrations [27].
• Divergent effects of long acting cyclic nucleotides and lysine vasopressin on the release of matrix sulfated proteoglycans into the medium of fetal rat chondrocytes in monolayer culture [28].

Associations of LYPRESSIN with other chemical compounds

• Injection of lysine vasopressin, (10 IU, im) induced a marked increase in plasma cortisol, without an elevation of plasma ACTH [29].
• Somatostatin, dexamethasone, bromocriptine, and cyproheptadine in a concentration of 1 microM each inhibited ACTH release by 25 +/- 2%, 35 +/- 2%, 52 +/- 2%, and 61 +/- 4%, respectively, while lysine vasopressin (0.1 microM) and dibutyryl cAMP (5 mM) stimulated ACTH release by 112 +/- 8% and 220 +/- 4%, respectively [30].
• We used a fluorescent labeled vasopressin analog (rhodamine-mercaptopropionic acid lysine vasopressin) and radiolabeled vasopressin to examine this process in the two transfected cell lines [31].
• On days 28 and 35 we tested blood and renal water and sodium (Na+) regulation during stepwise 60 min AVP infusions (10, 35, 100, 150 and 200 microu (kg body weight)-1 Pitressin) [32].
• Pitressin (posterior pituitary extract) induced a dose-related secretion of ACTH whereas synthetic arginine or lysine vasopressin were devoid of CRF activity, even with the largest tested dose (4 mug/ml) [33].

Gene context of LYPRESSIN

• In all patients, no significant changes in immunoreactive ACTH followed insulin-induced hypoglycemia or lysine vasopressin [34].
• Passive immunization against CRF or AVP did not change the ACTH response to idazoxan administration, whereas idazoxan pretreatment had simply an additive effect on CRF- and lysine vasopressin-stimulated ACTH secretion [35].
• CRH combined with lysine vasopressin or a less pyrogenic IL-1 beta analog, when administered to these rats, accelerated the recovery of the pituitary and the adrenocortical functions significantly, suggesting the potential clinical usefulness of these peptides [36].
• Motor dysfunction was produced with comparable potency by lysine vasopressin (LVP) and arginine vasotocin (AVT); oxytocin (OXY) was approximately 1000 times less potent [37].
• Regulation of prolactin secretion in patients with Cushing's disease. A comparative study on the effects of dexamethasone, lysine vasopressin and ACTH on prolactin secretion by the rat pituitary gland in vitro [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of LYPRESSIN

• A nonrandomized control group of 13 patients with the same age distribution, stage of disease, number of previous bleeds, etc., was treated conservatively in the same manner, except that they received either no hemodynamically active drugs or short acting neurohypophysial peptide preparations such as Pitressin [39].
• In eight patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension an intravenous infusion of lysine vasopressin induced a rapid increase in the plasma level of the fibrinolytic proenzyme plasminogen activator [21].
• One of the nine patients not undergoing a portosystemic shunt survived more than eight weeks after pitressin infusion [5].
• The age of our patients ranged from 24 to 75 years (average age 49), 19 patients had preoperative endoscopy, 10 patients received intraarterial pitressin drip to control hemorrhage, and surgery was done within 10 days of admission in 18 patients [40].
• After adrenalectomy, ACTH rose to 0.4 mU/100 ml (11 patients) and the increase after LVP was 90% [41].

References