Disease relevance of L Forms

• Tetracycline-resistant L-forms isolated from an antibiotic-susceptible strain of Listeria monocytogenes [1].
• In a study of the pathogenic potentials of Pseudomonas L-forms, three unstable L-forms were derived by carbenicillin inductionfrom a mouse virulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rosenthal 180 [2].
• Fifteen clinical isolates of Fusobacterium species were studied to determine their quality of growth on five agar media, their susceptibility to penicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime, the inoculum effect, and the presence of L forms and beta-lactamase [3].
• Effect of nalidixic acid on the conversion of Staphylococcus aureus cells to L-forms in a liquid medium with 6-aminopenicillanic acid and lysozyme [4].
• The induction of L-forms of Haemophilus influenzae by penicillin, amoxycillin and glycine has been studies in vitro on a nutrient-agar medium [5].

High impact information on L Forms

• The transcriptional activities of the J and L forms of PTF1 are independent of Notch signaling, because P48 occupies the NotchIC docking site on RBP-J and RBP-L does not bind the NotchIC [6].
• There was no marked difference in antiaggregatory potency between the d- and l-forms of diltiazem and N-demethyl diltiazem [7].
• Pentoses, such as arabinose, ribose, and deoxyribose, inhibit the interaction between SP-D and mannan, one of the well-studied hexose ligands for SP-D, and biologically relevant d-forms of the pentoses are better competitors than the l-forms [8].
• Both enzymes were found to be inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine (D and L forms), S-adenosyl-L-ethionine, and sinefungin [9].
• Treatment with alkaline phosphatase converted the phenylalanine hydroxylase H forms to the L forms [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of L Forms

• Indole-2-carboxylic acid (L) forms a set of hydrogen bonds to the glycopeptide antibiotic chloroeremomycin (CE) that are analogous to those formed by N-Ac-D-Ala [11].
• The mannopeptimycins (MPPs) are potent glycopeptide antibiotics that contain both D and L forms of the unique, arginine-derived amino acid beta-hydroxyenduracididine (betahEnd) [12].
• AtmBAC1 appeared to be more stereospecific than the yeast and mammalian ornithine carriers, exhibiting greater preference for the l-forms of arginine, lysine and ornithine [13].
• With the use of L-proline as ligand only the optical isomers of 3-phenyllactic acid were resolvable, whereas using L-hydroxyproline the D and L forms of all compounds, except for 2-phenyllactic acid, were separated [14].
• Various S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine analogues were tested for their inhibitor capability toward the enzyme; it was observed that only the D and L forms of S-adenosylhomocysteine are inhibitors while analogues modified in the adenine or homocysteine moieties do not possess inhibitory capability [15].

Biological context of L Forms

• Further evidence of polyethylene glycol-induced cell fusion of Staphylococcus aureua L-forms [16].

Anatomical context of L Forms

• Actions of D and L forms of 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate and 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate in the cat spinal cord [17].
• Preliminary observations have shown that L-forms are induced by penicillin or amoxycillin on a medium in which mucoid sputum forms the sole source of nutrients, and that they remain viable for at least 48 h in the absence of added osmotic stabiliser [5].
• Significant amounts of cholesterol and its esters were present in parent strains and L-forms, all of which incorporated serum cholesterol into the cell membrane [18].
• Unstable L-forms of Streptococcus pyogenes were effectively isolated when protoplasts induced by muralysin were cultivated on a gradient plate containing penicillin-G [19].
• The impact of D- and L-forms of triiodothyronine and thyroxine on DNA-synthesis of human lymphoid cells was tested in vitro [20].

Gene context of L Forms

• Western blot analysis showed that both H and L forms reacted with anti MBP antibodies [21].
• Here, we show by co-precipitation of differently tagged Nha1p proteins expressed in the same cell that the yeast Nha1p l forms an oligomer [22].
• Both the H and L forms of SV2 are present in these vesicles and all are keratan sulfate proteoglycans [23].
• Transcription of type II collagen, prolyl 4-hydroxylase (alpha subunit), and aggrecan increased in response to the antiscorbutic forms of ascorbic acid (L-Asc, Na L-Asc, and A2P) and was stereospecific to the L-forms [24].
• Moreover, the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+, and the levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 in patients infected with both H pylori L-forms and vegetative forms were 46.67+/-5.21%, 30.75+/-4.89%, 22.15+/-6.45%, 1.32+/-0.47%, 1.16+/-0.38 mg/L, 116.45+/-5.44 ng/L, and 118.64+/-6.24 ng/L, respectively [25].

References