Disease relevance of cefoxitin

• Cefoxitin as a single-dose treatment for urethritis caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae [1].
• Because cefoxitin, a semisynthetic cephamycin, resists gonococcal penicillinase in vitro, we compared procaine penicillin G and cefoxitin in treatment of gonorrhea in an area where 40 per cent of isolates produce penicillinase [1].
• Cefoxitin is effective in the treatment and prevention of mixed aerobic-anaerobic skin and soft-tissue, intra-abdominal, gynecologic, and penicillinase-producing, spectinomycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections [2].
• Cefamandole and cefoxitin, introduced only 7 years ago, are now the most commonly prescribed parenteral antibiotics in the United States. These drugs are similar to the first-generation cephalosporins in toxicity, but their in-vitro spectrum of activity is greater [2].
• Reversible acute leukopenia and cefoxitin [3].

Psychiatry related information on cefoxitin

• Ampicillin/sulbactam and cefoxitin in the treatment of cutaneous and other soft-tissue abscesses in patients with or without histories of injection drug abuse [4].
• One death in the limited-spectrum empirical antimicrobial therapy group was due to autopsy-proved disseminated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (blood, peritoneum, lung, and pleural fluid) that was resistant to cefoxitin, and the other was associated with peritonitis due to cefoxitin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae [5].

High impact information on cefoxitin

• Our in vitro results show that cefoxitin causes an apparent rise in the serum creatinine level; the magnitude of the increase depends on the assay method and the concentration of cefoxitin [6].
• Cefoxitin-resistant facultative or aerobic gram-negative bacilli in infections associated with the gastrointestinal tract [7].
• The inactivation of RTEM-2 beta-lactamase and of Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase I is accelerated in the presence of A type substrates such as dicloxacillin, quinacillin, and cefoxitin, which are thought to expand or loosen the conformation of these enzymes [8].
• Unexpectedly, the acyl enzyme complex with the beta-lactam inhibitor cefoxitin still has the catalytic water bound; this water had been predicted to be displaced by the unusual 7alpha-methoxy of the inhibitor [9].
• In contrast to beta-lactam-based inhibitors clavulanate and cefoxitin, compound 10 did not up-regulate beta-lactamase expression in cell culture but simply inhibited the enzyme expressed by the resistant bacteria [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of cefoxitin

• The enhancing activity of amdinocillin on three beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin, cefazolin, and cefoxitin, was also demonstrated in experimental mouse infections with gram-negative bacteria [11].
• Prophylactic antibiotics were used for open fractures, in which a cephalosporin was used; for abdominal trauma, in which an aminoglycoside and clindamycin or cefoxitin alone was used; and for penetrating open fractures of the oral cavity, in which penicillin was used [12].
• Against Bacteroides fragilis, mezlocillin was more active than available penicillins, and cefoxitin was more active than available cephalosporins, but neither provided any advantages against other anaerobes [13].
• In a randomized comparative trial, 45 patients were treated with amdinocillin plus cefoxitin or cefoxitin alone for bacterial soft tissue infections [14].
• Cefmenoxime versus cefoxitin in the treatment of serious bacterial infections [15].

Biological context of cefoxitin

• The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin in eight patients undergoing colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, and endorectal ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for chronic ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis coli were examined [16].
• Cefoxitin disposition in colorectal surgery. Implications for the effective use of prophylactic antibiotics [16].
• The biological availability of cefoxitin administered rectally in the form of suppositories was examined in six human subjects by a cross-over design [17].
• The main functional difference observed among the kinetic values for IMP-16 compared to those for other IMPs was a lack of cefoxitin hydrolysis and a lower kcat/Km value for imipenem (0.36 microM(-1) . s(-1)) [18].
• Of a sample of 20 cefoxitin-resistant transconjugants, 8 contained all 4 plasmids, 10 contained 1 to 3 plasmids, and 2 contained no plasmids [19].

Anatomical context of cefoxitin

• Combination amdinocillin and cefoxitin therapy was efficacious and safe in treating complicated urinary tract infections caused by multiply-resistant S. marcescens [20].
• Three reinfections or superinfections occurred, and cefoxitin therapy failed to eliminate an enterococcus isolate from the endometrium in one patient [21].
• The electrospun PLGA/PEG-PLA membranes impregnated with 5 wt% cefoxitin sodium, which amounts to approximately 10% of the systemic daily dose typically taken after surgery in humans, completely prevented cecal adhesions (0%) in rats [22].
• Tissue concentrations of cefoxitin in proximal colon, distal colon, rectal mucosa, and rectal muscle tissue ranged from 0.2 to 9.3 mcg/g of tissue [16].
• Reversible acute cardiac injury during cefoxitin-induced anaphylaxis in a patient with normal coronary arteries [23].

Associations of cefoxitin with other chemical compounds

• Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that only moxalactam (odds ratio, 9.9) and cefoxitin (odds ratio, 2.1) exhibited significantly higher likelihoods of bleeding than other agents [24].
• Consequently, in many instances, single drug therapy with a cephalosporin (usually cefoxitin) is adequate, if combined with surgical drainage when indicated [25].
• Addition of parenteral cefoxitin to regimen of oral antibiotics for elective colorectal operations. A randomized prospective study [26].
• Overall, cefoxitin was slightly more active than cefotetan and ciprofloxacin was more active in vitro than ofloxacin, especially against N. gonorrhoeae with chromosomally mediated resistance [27].
• Serum and tissue concentrations of cefoxitin and cefotaxime in women undergoing hysterectomy [28].

Gene context of cefoxitin

• Transformation of the transconjugant E. coli strain with plasmid pNH5 carrying the ampD gene (whose product decreases the level of expression of ampC) resulted in an eightfold decrease in the MIC of cefoxitin [29].
• Typing by ERIC2-PCR indicated that the cefoxitin-resistant (FOXr) isolates were distinct. beta-Lactamase studies and hybridization experiments showed that most strains produced beta-lactamases related to the AmpC chromosomal cephalosporinase of Citrobacter freundii [30].
• CONCLUSIONS: Cefoxitin resistance in E. coli N99-0001 was due to overexpression of ampC caused by an increase in promoter strength [31].
• I made use of the unique RSAI values of SHV-1, TEM-1, and TEM-2 beta lactamases with cefoxitin to screen for the presence of these enzymes in Klebsiella aerogenes clinical isolates [32].
• Mutations in the ampC promoter leading to increased production of the AmpC beta-lactamase were demonstrated in 11 cefoxitin-resistant or intermediate E. coli isolates [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cefoxitin

• Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefoxitin in colorectal surgery: effect on the colon microflora and septic complications--a clinical model for prediction of the benefit and risks in using a new antibiotic in prophylaxis [34].
• In a prospective, block-randomized, multicenter study, the safety and efficacy of cefoxitin in preoperative prophylaxis were studied [35].
• 1735 patients undergoing appendectomy were evaluable, and half of these patients received 2 g of cefoxitin before undergoing operation [35].
• The overall incidence of intra-abdominal septic complications was 7.3% (7 of 96) in the control group (no cefoxitin) and 5% (5 of 101) in the treatment group (cefoxitin) [26].
• One of the two who received cefoxitin had significant bacteriuria, and the urine was clear after treatment [15].

References