Disease relevance of Cefalotin

• Allergic reaction to transfused cephalothin antibody [1].
• Pancytopenia induced by cephalothin [2].
• Letter: Cephalothin-induced granulocytopenia [3].
• Cephalothin neurotoxicity in renal failure [4].
• Letter: Cephalothin and cephaloridine therapy for bacterial meningitis [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cefalotin

• Against members of the Enterobacteriaceae all the newer agents were more active than cephalothin; however, important individual differences emerged [6].

High impact information on Cefalotin

• During the first quarters of 1976 and 1977, the use of parenteral gentamicin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, and cephalothin was surveyed in 219 (in 1976) and 240 (in 1977) patients admitted to a surgical, a gynaecological, and a medical ward of a teaching hospital [7].
• Letter: Severe renal dysfunction after tobramycin/cephalothin therapy [8].
• Two hundred twenty patients were randomly assigned to receive either ceforanide or cephalothin as perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis during cardiovascular surgery [9].
• Cephalothin recipients who developed wound or blood stream infections had lower antibiotic levels in their atrial appendages than recipients not developing such infections (p = 0.02) [9].
• When cefazolin and cephalothin are compared by appropriately designed clinical trials, neither cefazolin's slightly greater in-vitro susceptibility to staphylococcal beta-lactamase inactivation, nor its slightly greater microbiologic activity for some enterobacteraciae has been shown to result in any readily apparent therapeutic differences [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cefalotin

• To investigate the effect of anti-IL-4 on hapten-induced anaphylaxis, a model of murine anaphylaxis induced by antibiotics, penicillin V (Pen V) and cephalothin (CET), was developed, and the effect of anti-IL-4 on the anaphylaxis was observed [11].
• Based on these results, past cephalothin failures for ampicillin-resistant Salmonella can be explained [12].
• Carbenicillin disodium (5 g every four hours) was substituted for cephalothin in patients with Pseudomonas infections and in patients in whom the initial regimen was unsuccessful [13].
• Comparison of cefoxitin and cephalothin therapy of a mixed Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterius necrophorum infection in mice [14].
• Double-blind comparison of phlebitis produced by cefazolin versus cephalothin [15].

Biological context of Cefalotin

• When PRPs from hypoalbuminemic patients were incubated with cephalothin, aggregation was completely inhibited, in contrast to samples from patients with normal albumin levels, and this decreased platelet aggregation was partially restored (25% to 75%) by increasing the albumin concentration above 4.0 g/dL [16].
• A profound defect in granulocyte chemotaxis was documented in an otherwise healthy 21-yr-old man who failed to localize granulocytes to an area of cellulitis during an allergic reaction to cephalothin [17].
• Lastly, we synthesized two boronic acid transition state analogs that mimic cephalothin and found substitutions at Arg-244 markedly affect both the affinity and kinetics of binding to the chiral, deacylation transition state inhibitor [18].
• In this work, accurate, large-scale mixed ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations have been used to study the hydrolysis of acyl-enzyme intermediates formed between cephalothin and the dd-peptidase of Streptomyces sp. R61, a PBP, and the Enterobacter cloacae P99 cephalosporinase, a class C beta-lactamase [19].
• Amdinocillin pharmacokinetics. Simultaneous administration with cephalothin and cerebrospinal fluid penetration [20].

Anatomical context of Cefalotin

• The cross-link index is 0.33 +/- 0.03 for cell walls of B. subtilis grown in the presence of the antibiotic, cephalothin [21].
• Specimens from a renal biopsy performed during the recovery phase showed nonspecific changes in the renal tubular epithelium, similar to those seen in animals treated with large doses of cephalothin [22].
• Among cephalothin-resistant isolates from patients with urinary tract infections, six Escherichia coli strains were found to produce elevated amounts of a beta-lactamase indistinguishable from that coded by the ampC gene of E. coli K-12 [23].
• Stimulation of LMIF production by cephalothin required viable lymphocytes and was inhibited by puromycin [24].
• To prevent infection in 27 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass or cardiac valve replacement surgery, each patient received a single 2-g dose of either cephalothin or cephapirin intravenously before the operation (prior to opening of the chest cavity) [25].

Associations of Cefalotin with other chemical compounds

• Subjects with skin tests positive to penicillin often reacted to skin tests with other beta-lactam antibiotics; 73% (41 of 56) reacted to ampicillin and 51% (38 of 74) reacted to cephalothin [26].
• After rapid intravenous injection of 1 gm cefamandole or cephalothin, the peak mean serum concentrations in 11 patients achieved at 0.25 hr were 103.4 mcg/ml and 56.7 mcg/ml, respectively [27].
• Chemoprophylaxis with cefoxitin and cephalothin in orthopedic surgery: a comparison [28].
• Gentamicin- and cephalothin-associated rises in blood urea nitrogen [29].
• Antibiotic (gentamicin, kanamycin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin) recovery experiments in the presence of therapeutic levels of antitumor agents showed no in vitro inactivation of antibiotic [30].

Gene context of Cefalotin

• A novel inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) beta-lactamase was detected in an Escherichia coli isolate resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate and susceptible to cephalothin [31].
• A novel extended-spectrum TEM-type beta-lactamase was detected in an Escherichia coli isolate which was resistant to ceftazidime and susceptible to cephalothin [32].
• beta-Lactamase production and MIC determinations for penicillin, methicillin, and cephalothin were assessed for 67 strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and correlated with results of disk diffusion susceptibility testing [33].
• Like cephalothin, NB2001 and NB2030 were hydrolyzed by class A beta-lactamases (Escherichia coli TEM-1 and, to a lesser degree, Staphylococcus aureus PC1) and class C beta-lactamases (Enterobacter cloacae P99 and E. coli AmpC) with comparable catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)) [34].
• MRSA disc sensitivity testing for cephalothin may be unreliable when performed at 35C [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cefalotin

• No other causes for renal failure could be detected, and all recovered after discontinuation of cephalothin therapy, although peritoneal dialysis was required in one patient [36].
• Cephalothin kinetics: before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery [37].
• There was reduction in cephalothin elimination throughout the surgical procedure, not only in the period of extracorporeal circulation, indicating that general anesthesia had a significant influence on drug disposition [37].
• Quantitation of antibiotics by high-pressure liquid chromatography: cephalothin [38].
• Bactericidal concentrations of cefoxitin and cephalothin were determined for 51 selected strains by the broth dilution technique, and the activities of these drugs were compared with those of two other drugs (clindamycin and metronidazole) known to be very active against anaerobes [39].

References