Disease relevance of Adrenalectomy

• Identification of the presence of these illicit receptors can eventually lead to new pharmacological therapies as alternatives to adrenalectomy, now demonstrated by the long-term control of ectopic P-AR- and LH/hCGR-dependent Cushing's syndrome by propanolol and leuprolide acetate [1].
• CONCLUSION: Of the 51 patients with primary aldosteronism who had adrenalectomy (43 patients with adenomas and 8 with hyperplasia), those most likely to be cured were younger and had lower plasma renin activity [2].
• Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels after bilateral adrenalectomy could be secondary to a pituitary tumor, under replacement with cortisol, or an abnormality in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal feedback loop [3].
• Despite its profound diminution of dopaminergic neurotransmission, adrenalectomy neither modified the number of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons nor induced gliosis in the mesencephalon or in the nucleus accumbens, as shown by tyrosine hydroxylase and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining [4].
• We studied the effects of glucocorticoid replacement on tumor growth after adrenalectomy of Meth A sarcoma in mice [5].

Psychiatry related information on Adrenalectomy

• The effects of adrenalectomy and corticosterone replacement on induction of maternal behavior in the virgin female rat [6].
• Effects of food deprivation and adrenalectomy on CYP3A induction by RU486 in female rats [7].
• Overall, this pattern of change in pain threshold was not affected by adrenalectomy, with or without corticosterone replacement [8].
• These results suggest that ipsapirone, but not adrenalectomy, may alter the palatability of ethanol; this perceptual change may partly underlie the ability of ipsapirone to reduce home cage alcohol drinking in the rat [9].
• Complete adrenalectomy (i.e, stress-induced plasma corticosterone less than 1.0 micrograms/dl) totally suppressed abnormal weight gain in the first 20 days after VMH lesions but did not affect intracranial self-stimulation [10].

High impact information on Adrenalectomy

• We studied two phases of cortisol feedback suppression of ACTH in nine patients who had had adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease [11].
• Co-localization of corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin mRNA in neurones after adrenalectomy [12].
• Here we report that levels of transcripts homologous to vasopressin messenger RNA increase in the PVN after adrenalectomy, in parallel with increases in vasopressin immunoreactivity [12].
• The second is an inverse relationship between plasma glucose concentration and hypothalamic NA neuronal activity--high blood glucose levels significantly inhibited the hypothalamic NA activity responses to stress, alpha 2-adrenergic blockade and adrenalectomy [13].
• A similar effect is seen after adrenalectomy, indicating a U-shaped dose-response dependency of these cellular responses after the exposure to corticosterone [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Adrenalectomy

• A patient with advanced breast cancer who had undergone a total bilateral adrenalectomy in the past refused adrenal steroid replacement therapy with the idea that this would be the easiest and quickest way to end her life [15].
• Despite Ang II infusion, proteinuria (17 +/- 9 mg/d) and thrombotic microangiopathy and plasma aldosterone (18 +/- 18 pg/ml) remained low but daily urinary excretion of sodium and potassium were not different from adrenalectomy + ALDO [16].
• High plasma renin substrate concentrations, and normal basal and furosemide-stimulated plasma renin activities and plasma renin concentrations which were present before surgery, decreased after adrenalectomy, and the hypertension diminished [17].
• RESULTS: In five patients with diabetes mellitus, glucose infusion rate required to maintain euglycemia during the clamp (mean +/- SEM) significantly improved from 27.5 +/- 6.5 micro mol/kg.min before surgery to 44.6 +/- 12.3 micro mol/kg.min 5 wk after adrenalectomy (P < 0.05) [18].
• Extensive hormonal evaluation was performed in a girl with adrenal carcinoma during the primary tumor stage, following adrenalectomy, during the period when metastases were evident and while on treatment with o,p'-DDD [19].

Biological context of Adrenalectomy

• Four days after adrenalectomy (ADX), all of the operated rats morphologically displayed hippocampal granule cell apoptosis that was prevented completely by corticosterone replacement immediately after ADX [20].
• Here, we provide evidence that this form of IEL cell death may be mediated at least in part by endogenously produced glucocorticoids since adrenalectomy or treatment of mice with a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist significantly enhanced ex vivo survival of IEL [21].
• Furthermore, adrenalectomy did not impair enzyme induction by fructose in diabetic rats [22].
• Further characterization of the role of corticosterone in the loss of humoral immunity in zinc-deficient A/J mice as determined by adrenalectomy [23].
• The effects of adrenalectomy on glucagon activation of liver glycogen phosphorylase and glycogenolysis were studied in isolated hepatocytes [24].

Anatomical context of Adrenalectomy

• Previous studies have shown that adrenalectomy augments arginine vasopressin (AVP) messenger RNA levels in the adult paraventricular nucleus [25].
• RESULTS: Adrenalectomy caused increases in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) of acinar nuclei depending on the time after adrenalectomy but not of other cell types in the pancreas and in other digestive organs [26].
• The inhibitory effect of bombesin (200 ng) on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion was reversed by bilateral adrenalectomy or removal of celiac and mesenteric ganglia [27].
• Angiotensin receptor number in the paraventricular nucleus and the subfornical organ, but not in the anterior pituitary gland, was significantly decreased by adrenalectomy, and this effect was reversed by corticoids [28].
• Using in situ hybridization techniques, the expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA was measured within the hippocampal formation after bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) [29].

Associations of Adrenalectomy with chemical compounds

• Of 40 evaluable women treated with AG and hydrocortisone, 53 per cent had objective responses, as compared with 45 per cent of 29 women undergoing surgical adrenalectomy (P value not significant) [30].
• To define further the defect in the steroid feedback mechanism in Cushing's disease, we studied the acute effects of intravenous administration of glucorticoids on plasma ACTH levels in seven patients with this disease after total adrenalectomy [31].
• We randomized 96 postmenopausal women with metastatic breast carcinoma to receive surgical adrenalectomy or medical therapy with an adrenal inhibitor, aminoglutethimide (AG), plus replacement hydrocortisone [30].
• In fact, after adrenalectomy, vasopressin mRNA can be detected in CRF-immunoreactive neurones [12].
• However, adrenalectomy or dexamethasone administration did not alter the silver grain density over nuclei of intermediate lobe melanotrophs [32].

Gene context of Adrenalectomy

• To assess whether the effect of leptin in intestinal inflammation is mediated by corticosteroids we performed adrenalectomy experiments in db/db and wild-type mice [33].
• The increase in BDNF mRNA was mediated by a selective activation of the BDNF exon IV promoter and adrenalectomy attenuated this increase by 50% [34].
• In wild-type mice, adrenalectomy significantly decreased AGRP mRNA but did not significantly influence POMC or NPY mRNA [35].
• Adrenalectomy had no affect on tibial growth or plasma IGFBP-1 in these animals [36].
• Unlike POMC, TPIT was not up-regulated by adrenalectomy in rats and did not seem down-regulated in the normal pituitary adjacent to human corticotroph microadenomas [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Adrenalectomy

• Vagotomy, adrenalectomy, and--in rats--hypophysectomy did not alter the effects produced by stress and CRF [38].
• Gastric response to corticotropin-releasing factor in rats was altered neither by naloxone (5 mg/kg i.p.) or indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment, nor by hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy, but was partly reversed by vagotomy [39].
• The total amounts of type I and type II cytoplasmic cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activities were measured in various tissues of intact rats and rats subjected to castration, hypophysectomy, or adrenalectomy [40].
• The expression could also be induced in the livers of female mice by treatment with either testosterone or dexamethasone, following ovariectomy and adrenalectomy [41].
• The effects of starvation, refeeding a diet high in carbohydrate, administration of glucagon and cyclic AMP, thyroidectomy, and adrenalectomy on transcription of the gene for liver L-type pyruvate kinase and on the accumulation of cytoplasmic mRNA for L-type pyruvate kinase were investigated in rat [42].

References