Disease relevance of Genes, pol

• SRV-1 also has a separate open reading frame of 314 codons between the gag and pol genes that defines the viral protease gene (prt) and a short open reading frame of unknown significance downstream from the env gene [1].
• DESIGN: Case series with genetic analyses of the HIV-1 plasma-derived pol gene using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products [2].
• A computer analysis of the amino acid sequences from the putative gene products of retroviral pol genes has revealed a 150-residue segment that is homologous with the ribonuclease H of Escherichia coli [3].
• Reverse transcriptase of the avian sarcoma and leukosis retroviruses is a heterodimer composed of a 63-kDa alpha and a 95-kDa beta polypeptide chain, both of which are encoded in the pol gene and are produced by proteolytic processing of a larger precursor [4].
• RESULTS: RNA sequences similar to those of ORF2/L1 retrotransposable elements, THE1 transposon, human endogenous retrovirus (ERV)-E, human ERV-HC2, and gibbon ape leukemia virus pol genes were isolated from different RA synovial fluid pellets [5].

High impact information on Genes, pol

• Although structurally and biologically very diverse, such elements carry conserved polymerase genes (pol) that encode proteins required for reverse transcription [6].
• Previous studies have shown that the pathogenic and host range specificity of a prototype molecular clone of FeLV-C [FeLV-Sarma-C (FSC)] colocalize to a region encoding the 3' 73 amino acids of the pol gene product and the N-terminal 241 amino acids of the envelope surface glycoprotein named SU [7].
• We first characterized the HIV-1 pol gene to detect the zidovudine-resistance mutations at codons 215 and 219 [8].
• The seroprevalence rate of antibodies to the pol gene products p64 and p53 and to the endonuclease p34 were evaluated [9].
• Mutations at the POLTERGEIST (POL) gene were previously described as phenotypic suppressors of mutations within the CLV1 gene [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Genes, pol

• With this approach, twenty HSV-1 recombinants with single or dual mutations within the DNA pol gene were successfully generated and subsequently evaluated for their susceptibilities to acyclovir (ACV), foscarnet (FOS), cidofovir (CDV), and adefovir (ADV) [11].
• DNA was amplified using HIV-1 pol gene digoxigenin labelled primers and detected by chemiluminescence and densitometry [12].

Biological context of Genes, pol

• Plus-strand DNA synthesis of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1-H3 retrotransposon is initiated at two sites, PPT1 and PPT2, located at the upstream boundary of the 3'-long terminal repeat and near the middle of the pol gene in the integrase coding region [13].
• The vaccine consisted of two plasmids, one expressing the gag/pol genes and the other expressing the env gene of FeLV-A/Glasgow-1 [14].
• When two SSV clones were compared with the helper, they contained the following three characteristic deletions: (i) a 250-base pair deletion in the gag gene about 1.0 kb from the 5' end of the genome; (ii) a 1.85-kb deletion in the pol gene; and (iii) a 1.9-kb deletion at the 3' end, which included part of the env gene [15].
• To identify the region of the viral nucleic acid responsible for synthesis of the pol gene products, a 300-base-pair DNA fragment containing the stop codon from a type C murine virus (AK virus) was inserted into the Escherichia coli lacZ gene such that the translational reading frame was maintained [16].
• This case illustrates the development of multidrug resistance during prolonged exposure to antiviral therapy for CMV and cross-resistance arising from point mutations in the CMV Pol gene [17].

Anatomical context of Genes, pol

• We have derived Vero cell lines containing the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase (pol) gene that complement temperature-sensitive pol mutants [18].
• PCR amplification of genomic DNA from miniature swine peripheral blood lymphocytes, using primers corresponding to highly conserved regions of the polymerase (pol) gene, allowed the identification of two novel porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) sequences, PMSN-1 and PMSN-4 [19].

Associations of Genes, pol with chemical compounds

• Phylogenetic analysis of the pol gene showed that these isolates formed a separate cluster within group O, and genotypic analysis revealed a tyrosine-to-cysteine substitution at residue 181 [20].
• On a plasmid expressing the gag and pol genes, the env gene was replaced by the hygromycin resistance gene [21].
• In contrast, the foscarnet-resistant strains contained single-base substitutions in conserved (II, III, or VI) or, more rarely, nonconserved (between I and VII) regions of the DNA polymerase (pol) gene [22].
• Sequence analysis showed a known ganciclovir resistance mutation in the viral UL97 phosphotransferase (L595F) and a new mutation in conserved region V of the DNA polymerase gene (pol) sequence (codons 981-982 deleted) [23].
• DNA-mediated transfer of a drug resistance marker (phosphonoacetate resistance) for the HCMV (Towne) DNA polymerase (pol) gene has been used to genetically confirm the physical localization of the HCMV (Towne) DNA pol gene [24].

Gene context of Genes, pol

• Plus-strand DNA synthesis of the yeast retrotransposon Ty1 is initiated at two sites, PPT1 next to the 3' LTR and PPT2 within the pol gene. PPT1 is sufficient for Ty1 transposition [25].
• This sequence comprises the amino-terminal part of the env gene, the putative signal peptide, which overlaps in part with the carboxy terminus of the pol gene [26].
• HIV-1 pol gene sequencing is now used routinely in France to identify mutations associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase (RT) or protease (PR) inhibitors [27].
• In vitro, UL42 has been shown to form a heterodimeric complex with the 140-kDa protein product of the viral DNA polymerase (pol) gene [28].
• Trimming portions of the viral pol gene resulted in dramatic increases in yield over earlier constructs; the accumulation of high levels of enzymatically active protein in this system was increased by the retention of the trpE sequences at the amino terminus [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Genes, pol

• BACKGROUND: Mutations in the thymidine kinase (TK) and DNA polymerase (pol) genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) may confer resistance to antiviral drugs, particularly in the context of immunosuppression induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [30].

References