Disease relevance of Phyllodes Tumor

• A thymine to adenine transversion resulting in an amino acid change from leucine to glutamine was found in one proband who developed multiple independent malignant tumors (osteosarcoma, phyllodes tumor, soft-tissue sarcoma) [1].
• The highest percentage of ER-beta was observed in fibroadenomas with cellular stroma and in phyllodes tumors [2].
• From the age of 10 years, the patient had a complex medical history of multiple tumors, including telangiectatic osteosarcoma, typical and malignant phyllodes tumor, reticulohistiocytoma of skin, carcinomas of the breast and lipo- and leiomyosarcoma [3].
• CD10 also clearly highlighted myoepithelial cells in intraductal papilloma, adenosis, ductal hyperplasia, fibroadenoma, and phyllodes tumor as well as SMA did [4].
• These findings suggested that the patient's hypoglycemia was associated with IGF-II produced by a giant malignant phyllodes tumor that consumed glucose [5].

High impact information on Phyllodes Tumor

• Abundant expression of immunoreactive endothelin 1 in mammary phyllodes tumor: possible paracrine role of endothelin 1 in the growth of stromal cells in phyllodes tumor [6].
• Cystosarcoma phylloides. A steroid receptor and ultrastructure analysis [7].
• None of the benign tissues and neither of the phyllodes tumors demonstrated an increased copy number for MYC or chromosome 8, which was defined as greater than two signals in > 10% of nuclei [8].
• An important role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in phyllodes tumors has been proposed [9].
• Conversely, the older age of patients with ER-beta-rich phyllodes tumors suggests that mechanisms, probably independent from estrogen stimulation, act on the growth of these tumors.Modern Pathology (2006) 19, 599-606. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800574 [2].

Chemical compound and disease context of Phyllodes Tumor

• This provides strong evidence that c-kit receptor mediated tyrosine kinase involvement in the pathogenesis of phyllodes tumors, and the therapeutic agent, STI571, Glivec, may be a potentially useful drug for its management [10].
• A specific receptor for progesterone has been found in a cystosarcoma phyllodes, as determined by charcoal adsorption and sucrose gradient analysis [11].
• Antigenic profile of mammary fibroadenoma and cystosarcoma phyllodes. A study using antibodies to estrogen- and progesterone receptors and to a panel of cell surface molecules [12].
• Gallium-67 uptake in cystosarcoma phyllodes [13].
• Increased activity in benign phyllodes tumor on Tc-99m MDP scintimammography [14].

Biological context of Phyllodes Tumor

• Whole-gene amplifications were seen by FISH in 15.8% (in stromal cells only) and intron 1 amplifications by gene dosage PCR in as much as 41.8% of all phyllodes tumors [9].
• Cytogenetics, immunostaining for fibroblast growth factors, p53 sequencing, and clinical features of two cases of cystosarcoma phyllodes [15].
• The goal of this study was the prognostic evaluation of histology, mitotic rate, S-phase fraction (SPF) and expression of proliferative antigen Ki67 and p53 protein in phyllodes tumor of the breast [16].
• Studies on the p53 tumor suppressor gene have shown that it has an important role in the development of a variety of malignancies, yet the specific contribution to the pathogenesis and development of the malignant potential of phyllodes tumor is largely unknown [17].
• Estradiol binding protein in cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast [18].

Anatomical context of Phyllodes Tumor

• Molecular assessment of clonality leads to the identification of a new germ line TP53 mutation associated with malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes and soft tissue sarcoma [19].
• One of the five cystosarcoma phylloides and five of the six nonmammary sarcoma tissues contained ER (mainly of the 4 Svedburg (S) variety) of more than 7 femtomoles (fmoles)/mg cytosol proteins (6/11 = 54%) [20].
• The distribution of intermediate-filament (IF) proteins of the keratin, vimentin and desmin type in breast stromal sarcomas, carcinosarcomas, metaplastic carcinomas and phyllodes tumors has been compared using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique [21].
• Interestingly, concerted CAIX and HIF-1alpha expression was frequently found in morphologically normal epithelium of phyllodes tumors [22].
• An unusual invasive breast carcinoma, arising in a cystosarcoma phyllodes and characterized by a variable cytoplasmic appearance and mucin content, was evaluated to determine the nature of the secretory material within the cells as well as the type of secretory organelle at the ultrastructural level [23].

Gene context of Phyllodes Tumor

• CD34, CD117, and actin expression in phyllodes tumor of the breast [24].
• High expression of VEGF was regularly found in both tumors, with only a positive relation between stromal VEGF and grade in phyllodes tumors (P = 0.016) [22].
• In mammary phyllodes tumors, there was increasing c-kit expression with increasing degree of malignancy, up to 46% in malignant cases [10].
• The stromal component of all phyllodes tumors was positive for vimentin, whereas all other investigated markers were absent except for focal p63 and CD10 expression in 1 case each [25].
• All Phyllodes tumors and sarcomas were consistently negative for p63 expression [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Phyllodes Tumor

• We investigated 58 phyllodes tumors of the breast (40 benign, 10 borderline and eight malignant) by means of egfr fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and gene dosage PCR for a regulatory sequence within intron 1 of egfr [9].
• CONCLUSION: These results indicate that HIF-1alpha expression is associated with diminished disease-free survival and may play an important role in stromal progression of breast phyllodes tumors [22].
• Proliferating activity, determined by immunohistochemistry with PCNA and Ki-67 antibodies did not reveal significant difference between phyllodes tumor and fibroadenoma [27].

References