Disease relevance of Tyrosol

• For the first time, a soil bacterium, designated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was isolated based on its ability to grow on tyrosol as a sole source of carbon and energy [1].
• A reduced toxicity of the UV/RB-irradiated solutions of cathecol and tyrosol towards alga Ankistrodesmus braunii is also verified [2].
• A soil bacterium, designated Serratia marcescens strain, was isolated on the basis of its ability to grow on p-tyrosol (4-hydroxyphenylethanol) as a sole source of carbon and energy [3].

High impact information on Tyrosol

• The identification of tyrosol as an autoregulatory molecule has important implications on the dynamics of growth and morphogenesis in Candida [4].
• Tyrosol inhibited the [3H]AA release induced by exogenous ROS. beta-Sitosterol and tyrosol also reduced the *NO release induced by PMA, which was correlated with the impairment of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels [5].
• Tyrosol bioavailability in humans after ingestion of virgin olive oil [6].
• Use of whole cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for synthesis of the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol via conversion of tyrosol [1].
• The growth state of the culture utilized for biomass production, the carbon source on which the biomass was grown, the concentration of the biomass, and the amount of tyrosol that was treated were optimized [1].

Biological context of Tyrosol

• Conjugated forms underwent rapid hydrolysis under gastric conditions, resulting in significant increases in the amount of free HT and TYR entering the small intestine [7].
• The apoptotic effect requires the presence of two ortho-hydroxyl groups on the phenyl ring, since tyrosol, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol, did not induce either cell growth arrest or apoptosis [8].
• Both HT and TYR transferred across human Caco-2 cell monolayers and rat segments of jejunum and ileum and were subject to classic phase I/II biotransformation [9].
• Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by tyrosol was not observed [10].
• The data showed that tyrosol and its monoacetylated derivatives act as PAF inhibitors, whereas diacetylated derivatives induce platelet aggregation [11].

Anatomical context of Tyrosol

• The oxidized LDL-induced alterations in Caco-2 cells were almost completely prevented by tyrosol which was added 2 h before and present during the treatments [12].
• The bioconversion yield reached 86% in the presence of 5 g L-1 of tyrosol when cells immobilized in alginate beads were carried out in single batches [13].
• The effects of the polyphenolic compounds from virgin olive oil: tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein on the non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation induced by ascorbate-Fe2+ of rat liver microsomes were examined [10].

Associations of Tyrosol with other chemical compounds

• This cytokinin-like substance according to absorption spectra, mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectra data was identified as 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol [14].
• Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry quantitative determination of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol in human urine after olive oil intake [15].
• To address this issue, the antioxidant activity of two aromatic indolinonic nitroxides synthesized by us was compared with both commercial phenolic antioxidants (BHT and BHA) and with natural phenolic antioxidants (alpha-hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, caffeic acid, alpha-tocopherol) [16].
• Acetylation of resveratrol and tyrosol was performed, and separation was achieved by HPLC [11].
• Development of a sensitive and specific solid phase extraction--gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of elenolic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol in rat urine [17].

Gene context of Tyrosol

• A red wine fraction rich in polymeric flavanols and a white wine one rich in phenolic acids, flavonols, and tyrosol strongly lowered Hsp27 levels [18].
• RESULTS: Urinary tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol increased (p < 0.020), in vivo plasma oxidized LDL decreased (p = 0.006), and ex vivo resistance of LDL to oxidation increased (p = 0.012) with the phenolic content of the olive oil administered [19].
• Bioavailability of tyrosol, an antioxidant phenolic compound present in wine and olive oil, in humans [20].
• Effect of Added Caffeic Acid and Tyrosol on the Fatty Acid and Volatile Profiles of Camellia Oil following Heating [21].
• This o-diphenol (not commercially available) was obtained from its monophenolic precursor tyrosol (commercially available) in the presence of both tyrosinase and ascorbic acid [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tyrosol

• Immobilization was advantageous as it allows immobilized cells to tolerate a greater tyrosol concentration than free cells [13].
• In this study, tyrosol, vanillic acid, luteolin, and apigenin were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [23].
• Tyrosol is a phenolic compound present in two of the traditional components of the Mediterranean diet: wine and virgin olive oil [20].
• The olive pulp fraction contained in the residue generated in olive oil extraction by a two-step centrifugation process can be upgraded by using the cellulose fraction to produce ethanol and recovering high value phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol) [24].
• Exogenous tyrosol appeared to have no effect, but scanning electron microscopy revealed that tyrosol stimulated hypha production during the early stages (1 to 6 h) of biofilm development [25].

References